Teams Publications
ReachSci Mini-PhD is a very intensive programme that teaches students research skills from A to Z practically.
ReachSci Mini-PhD graduates have published their research in many journals.
See below some of the publications highlights.
Publication title
Intestinal parasitic infections associated with nutritional status and inflammatory markers among young children in Huye district, Rwanda
Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health issue affecting young children in low and middle income countries (LMICs). These factors may induce malnutrition, as well as systemic and/or intestinal inflammation, depending on the species, intensity of infection, and host response. This study aimed at determining the effect of intestinal parasites on nutritional status and inflammatory responses in pre- and school-aged children in rural areas of the southern province of Rwanda.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 127 children under 12 years of age was conducted at two health centers in Huye District, Southern Province, Rwanda, from January to February 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, feeding habits, anthropometric measurements, and information on infection/malnutrition risk factors. Stool samples were collected to test for intestinal parasites by using microscope, while serum was collected to measure (anti)inflammatory markers [interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), total protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP)].
Results: The overall prevalence of IPIs was 38.6 %, with Entamoeba coli being the most prevalent (21.3 %), Q1: Although E. coli is non-pathogenic, its high prevalence serves as an indicator of fecal–oral contamination and poor environmental sanitation. Thus, it reflects the same exposure pathways responsible for pathogenic intestinal parasites. Its detection therefore signals ongoing transmission risks and inadequate hygiene conditions that contribute to the overall public health burden. followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (18.1 %), Entamoeba histolytica (11.8 %), and Trichuris trichiura (1.6 %). Coinfections accounted for 12.6 % of the infections. Moreover, 48.0 %, 25.2 %, and 9.4 % of the children were stunted, underweight, and stunted, respectively. Underweight, IL-10, and total protein levels were significantly associated with IPIs. Our findings also indicated that food supplements had a significant positive effect on stunting.
Conclusion: Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichuris trichiura were the predominant parasites. Intestinal parasitic infections in preschool children and schoolchildren affect the nutritional status, possibly through chronic inflammation. Further mechanistic investigations will shed more light on the regulation of the inflammatory response.
Team members
Wellars Twahirwa, Xavier Nyandwi, Jean D’Amour Iradukunda, Jean Felix Muneza, Philbert Kanimba, Khadijat O. Adefaye, Noel Gahamanyi, Nadine Rujeni
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Effects of acute taurine supplementation on maximal strength, muscle power and maximal anaerobic performance: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
Abstract
Purpose: Taurine, a non-proteinogenic amino sulfonic acid, has been suggested to influence anaerobic performance through multiple mechanisms. This study examined whether an acute oral dose of taurine (50 mg/kg, ingested 60 m before exercise) enhances short-term anaerobic performance in healthy, recreationally active adults. Specifically, we assessed its effects on maximal isometric strength, muscle power, and peak anaerobic power.
Methods The sample group consisted by 17 participants, both males and females, of whom 16 participants completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Performance outcomes were assessed using handgrip strength test, vertical jump test, and Wingate anaerobic test. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either taurine followed by placebo or placebo followed by taurine, in a crossover design. For the intervention trials, participants consumed 50 mg/kg of taurine diluted in 500 ml of a sugar-free lemonade drink or placebo which was a sugar-free lemonade drink with nothing added 60 min before the exercise protocols.
Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in maximal and average isometric grip strength (p = 0.80, p = 0.85), relative peak and average vertical power (p = 0.62, p = 0.18), peak power (p = 0.18), sustained anaerobic power (p = 0.34) or anaerobic capacity (p = 0.35) between the taurine and placebo conditions.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that acute taurine supplementation does not enhance anaerobic performance in young, physically active individuals. Further research is needed to investigate the potential effects of acute taurine supplementation and its interaction with exercise modalities and intensities.
Team members
Taisir K. Abbas, Rajaa Hussein, Yahya Ibraheem, Yonuis M. Saleem, Hussaen A H Kahachi, Olaitan Comfort Shekoni, Mika Sillanpää, Qusay F. Alsalhy
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition
Publication title
The role of vegetation in shaping distribution and population density of the fat sand rat (Psammomys obesus) in Tunisia
Abstract
We investigate the ecology of Psammomys obesus (fat sand rat) in southern Tunisia, focusing on its distribution and abundance in relation to vegetation structure and plant species composition. Given its dependence on halophytic vegetation, particularly Amaranthaceae, we tested the hypothesis that its distribution and abundance are influenced by plant density, species richness, and specific plant species presence rather than vegetation cover. We conducted field surveys across diverse arid ecosystems and analyzed the relationships between fat sand rat occurrence and abundance relative to plant density and species richness. Psammomys obesus was present at approximately one quarter of surveyed sites, with low average total and active burrow densities, indicating notable habitat-driven variation. Its occurrence was closely associated with Amaranthaceae plants, particularly Arthrophytum scoparium and Arthrophytum schmittianum, highlighting the species’ specialized dietary and habitat requirements. Fat sand rat abundance was positively associated with the presence of the Amaranthaceae, Poaceae and Apiaceae families, reflecting the contribution of multiple species within these families, while at the species level only Stipagrostis pungens (Poaceae) showed a significant effect. Our findings highlight that conserving halophytic species of the Amaranthaceae family, which strongly determine fat sand rat occurrence, as well as other key plant families such as Poaceae and Apiaceae that influence its abundance, is crucial for sustaining the food and shelter resources that support Psammomys obesus populations in arid landscapes.
Team members
Olfa Tabel Hmidi, Yamna Karssene, Marouane Louhichi, Abir Zaied, Mohsen Jarray, Ali Zaidi, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche & Mohsen Chammem
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Design and Development of a Neural Network-Based End-Eector for Disease Detection in Plants with a 7 DOF Robot Integration
Abstract
This study presents the design and development of an intelligent end-effector integrated into a custom 7-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic arm for monitoring the health status of tomato plants during their growth stages. The robotic system combines five rotational and two prismatic joints, enabling both horizontal reach and vertical adaptability to inspect plants of varying heights without repositioning the robot’s base. The integrated vision module employs a YOLOv5 neural network trained with 7864 images of tomato leaves, including both healthy and diseased samples. Image preprocessing included normalization and data augmentation to enhance robustness under natural lighting conditions. The optimized model achieved a detection accuracy of 90.2% and a mean average precision (mAP) of 92.3%, demonstrating high reliability in real-time disease classification. The end-effector, fabricated using additive manufacturing, incorporates a Raspberry Pi 4 for onboard processing, allowing autonomous operation in agricultural environments. The experimental results validate the feasibility of combining a custom 7-DOF robotic structure with a deep learning-based detector for continuous plant monitoring. This research contributes to the field of agricultural robotics by providing a flexible and precise platform capable of early disease detection in dynamic cultivation conditions, promoting sustainable and data-driven crop management.
Team members
Harol Toro; Hector Moncada; Kristian Dierik; Cristian Moreno; Claudia L. Garzón-Castro; Jose Luis OrdoñezAvil
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
No Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine or Sodium Bicarbonate on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Double-Blind Crossover Study with Sex-Based Analysis
Abstract
Caffeine, a nervous system stimulant, and sodium bicarbonate, a metabolic buffer, have been shown to improve performance in high-intensity, particularly aerobic, exercises. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study compared the acute effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate on chest press (CP) and knee extension (KE) performance. Twelve resistance-trained young adults (seven females) completed three testing sessions during which they consumed caffeine (0.003 g/kg of body weight), sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg of body weight), or placebo at 120, 90, and 60 min prior to testing. Testing consisted of six sets of CP and KE for as many repetitions as possible at 70% of the participants’ 1-repetition maximum load. A 60 s recovery between sets, and 2 min recovery was allocated between exercises. Blood pressure and blood lactate were recorded pre-, mid-, and post-test. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), repetitions, and electromyography (EMG) were recorded for every set. No significant differences were found under any condition for RPE, EMG, and KE repetitions. A main effect for groups revealed was increased CP repetitions with sodium bicarbonate (7.42; 95%CI: 6.8–7.9) versus caffeine (6.7; 95%CI: 6.1–7.3) and control (7.1; 95%CI: 6.4–7.6) conditions. However, post hoc analysis did not achieve significance. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly (p = 0.03) greater with caffeine (79.2 mmHg; 95%CI: 74.6–83.7) than with sodium bicarbonate (72.7 mmHg; 95%CI: 67.5–77.9) and control (74.5 mmHg; 95%CI: 71.7–77.3). Females had significantly lower blood lactate measurements, higher CP repetitions, and lower heart rates, despite similar resting heart rates between the sexes. Caffeine (0.003 g/kg) or sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg) did not provide acute ergogenic effects on CP or KE strength endurance (six sets of CP and KE at 70% 1-repetition maximum load) performance in young adult women and men.
Team members
Melissa L. A. Williams , Catherine Mary Evelyn Barrett , Ethan Lawson , Colin P. Major , Ashley Sandra May Shea , Karlie Squires , Megan Squires, Reza Zare , Katie M. Heinrich, David George Behm
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION ABOUT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN TRADITIONAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
Abstract
The study analyzed knowledge about Human Papillomavirus among adults in traditional quilombola communities in northeast Brazil while discussing their sociodemographic characteristics and evaluating sociodemographic variables among different quilombola communities. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative mixed-method study, with face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire application. There is a significant gap in the precise understanding of HPV. Most information was acquired through traditional media, such as TV, newspapers, and radio. Women and younger individuals demonstrated more comprehensive knowledge of the subject. The results highlight the need for specific instructions to improve knowledge about HPV in these communities, with strategies adapted to their sociodemographic characteristics. Enhanced understanding of HPV and the importance of vaccination can significantly contribute to the health and well-being of these populations, decreasing health disparities. With better knowledge about HPV and its consequences, the vaccination rate will increase, which in the long term will mean a reduction in the incidence of cancer cases associated with this virus, especially cervical cancer.
Team members
Mariel Rodrigues de Campos, Larissa Helena Sousa Baldez Carvalho, Ana Julya Rodrigues Campos, Gabriel Rodrigues Côra, Rayane Alves Machado, Nafisa M.K Elehamer, Luisa Lina Villa, José de Ribamar Ross, Flávia Castello Branco Vidal
Programme
Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Determination of the Precision of Glucometers Used in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background: Efforts have been joined to set the parameters for the reliability of glucometers, yet once they are on the market, they are not further tested for the maintenance of accuracy, specificity, or precision.
Methods: This comparative analytical study investigated the precision of commonly used glucometers in Saudi Arabia, namely Accu-Chek Instant®, On-Call Sharp®, and ConTour®, as well as the effects of vitamin C, acetaminophen, and maltose on glucose readings. Ten milliliters of blood was drawn in lithium heparin from healthy volunteers (n = 9). Six samples were divided into two groups of three. One group was designed for normal glucose levels. The second group was designed for high glucose levels by adding a dextrose solution. The last three samples were designed for low glucose levels by leaving the sample for 24 h at room temperature and then following with centrifuge and plasma extraction.
Results: This study showed that only Accu-Chek Instant met the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for precision across all dextrose concentrations, along with intra-class correlation values ranging from 0.95–1 (p < 0.001). By spiking the plasma samples with sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and overdose concentrations of the metabolites, we found that vitamin C had a more evident interference on glucose readings compared to acetaminophen and maltose.
Conclusions: The ascertainment of the precision of glucometers and the effects of interferences on them are vital in preventing the improper administration of insulin, which can lead to serious complications.
Team members
Shoug A. Al-Othman , Zahra H. Al-Zaidany, Shahad H. Al-Ghannam, Ahmed M. Al-Turki, Abdulrahman A. Al-Abdulazeem, Chittibabu Vatte, Alawi Habara, Amein K. Al-Ali, Mohammed F. Al-Awami
Programme
Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Short-Term Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Strength, Reduces Fatigue, and Promotes Recovery in Physically Active Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Beetroot juice (BJ), a natural source of dietary nitrate, has gained increasing attention for its potential to improve exercise performance and cardiovascular function. While its benefits are well documented in endurance contexts, less is known about its short-term effects on resistance training performance and recovery. Thus, this study investigated the effects of short-term BJ supplementation on strength performance, cardiovascular responses, muscle oxygenation, and post-exercise recovery in resistance-trained males. Methods: Twelve healthy men (age: 21.3 ± 1.9 years; body mass index: 21.42 ± 2.36 kg/m2) completed two supplementation protocols involving BJ, providing 450 mg of nitrate per day, and a nitrate-free placebo (PLA). Each protocol consisted of two laboratory visits, one to assess the acute ergogenic effects and another to evaluate recovery after 72 h, resulting in a total of four sessions over a two-week period. During the three consecutive days of supplementation, participants ingested a single 900 mL dose (15 g BJ powder/PLA) 2 h before the first session, followed by three daily 300 mL doses (5 g BJ each/PLA) over the next two days, and a final dose (15 g BJ powder/PLA) taken 2 h before the second session (72 h post-first session). Each testing session involved incremental back squat (BS) and bench press (BP) exercises at 60%, 70%, and 80% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) performed to failure, with three-minute rest intervals between sets. Repetition to failure, movement velocity, peak power, peak heart rate (HR), and muscle oxygenation (SmO2) were recorded during BP and BS exercises. Heart rate variability (HRV) and blood lactate were assessed before and after each training session. Lower-limb strength (CMJ and SJ) and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were assessed daily during the 3-day supplementation period.
Results: BJ significantly increased repetitions completed at 80% 1RM during BP and BS (p < 0.05) compared to the PLA. Peak movement velocity improved across all intensities using BJ with higher values compared to the PLA at 60–80% 1RM (p < 0.05). SmO2 was higher in BJ at 70–80% 1RM) and further improved after 72 h of BJ supplementation (p < 0.05). Cardiovascular strain was reduced in BJ, evidenced by lower peak HRs and smaller post-exercise declines in HRV indices (p < 0.05). Post-exercise recovery favored BJ, with faster recovery in jump performance at 24 h and reduced upper-limb DOMS at 24–48 h (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Short-term BJ supplementation enhances high-intensity resistance performance, improves muscle oxygenation, attenuates cardiovascular strain, and accelerates neuromuscular recovery. These benefits highlight its potential as a practical strategy for athletes seeking to optimize training performance and recovery during periods of intense resistance training.
Team members
Atef Salem, Achraf Ammar, Mohamed Kerkeni, Mohamed Ali Boujelbane, Ayse Merve Uyar, Leonard Moritz Köbel, Saranya Selvaraj, Reza Zare, Katie M. Heinrich, Haitham Jahrami, Slim Tounsi, Piotr Zmijewski, Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn, Khaled Trabelsi, and Hamdi Chtourou
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Enhance The Building's Energy Efficiency by Using Phase Change Materials, Acrylic paint, And Solar Shading
Abstract
In 2023, total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions around the globe increased to 41.6 billion metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Most of this emissions increase came from the use of residential electricity. In this regard, this study introduces a new integrated approach to enhancing energy-efficient buildings. This is in the above-mentioned context as it explores promising passive cooling strategies for reducing energy consumption and emissions in hot climatic conditions of the Middle East regions. The analysis incorporates integrating phase-change material (PCMs) with the reflective coating and the shading by solar PV panels not fully considered in other studies. In contrast to the conventional usage of PCMs or reflective coatings alone, it is found that their combination provides for a far better thermal management system for the building for minimizing heat absorption while allowing greater heat redistribution. Using ANSYS FLUENT software, experiments of the designs, the cooling loads, and CO2 emissions were validated through experiments conducted in earlier studies. The investigation shows that defining PCM integration and reflective coating individually reduces heat gain by 76.57 %,56.70 %, respectively; however, due to the greater microclimate efficiency of the building, these configurations do not yield the greatest heat gain reduction. Using PV panels as roof shaders show a 92.69 % heat gain reduction, and combining the reflective coating with PCM integration produced an 84.12 % reduction. Thus, it was found that the mass of CO2 emissions was 5.767 kg, 3.797 kg, 0.671 kg, and 2.114 kg for the respective 4 days for the cases of reflective coating, PCM integration, PV-shading and of reflective coating and PCM combined, respectively. This gives a direct comparison of several roof systems under hot climates for the first time and will aid in sustainable building design and climate resilience engineering.
Team members
Mohammed Alamin, Talib Mahdi, Mousa Nader Mahdi, Humam Muter, Sajjad Shafi, Amar Abdul-Zahra, Hussaen A H Kahachi
Programme
Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Characterization of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and structure by ultrasound radiomics in acute and chronic coronary patients
Abstract
Introduction: We hypothesize that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) structure differs between patients with coronary disease and healthy individuals and that EAT may undergo changes during an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate EAT thickness (EATt) and structure using ultrasound radiomics in patients with ACS, patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), and controls and compare the findings between the three groups. This prospective monocentric comparative cohort study included three patient groups: ACS, CCS, and asymptomatic controls. EATt was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. Geometrical features (as mean gray value and raw integrated density) and texture features (as angular second moment, contrast and correlation) were computed from grayscale Tagged Image File Format biplane images using ImageJ software. EATt did not significantly differ between the ACS group (8.14 ± 3.17 mm) and the control group (6.92 ± 2.50 mm), whereas CCS patients (9.96 ± 3.19 mm) had significantly thicker EAT compared to both the ACS group (p = 0.025) and the control group (p < 0.001). Radiomics analysis revealed differences in geometrical parameters with discriminatory capabilities between both ACS group and controls and CCS group and controls. A multivariate analysis comparing ACS and CCS patients revealed that differences in EAT characteristics were significant only in patients with a body mass index below 26.25 kg/m². In this subgroup, patients older than 68 exhibited a higher modal gray value (p = 0.016), whereas those younger than 68 had a lower minimum gray value (p = 0.05). Radiomic analysis highlights its potential in developing imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and coronary artery disease progression monitoring.
Team members
Abbassi Manel, Bouthaina Besbes, Noomene Elkadri, Salmen Hachicha, Selim Boudiche, Foued Daly, Manel Ben Halima, Zeynab Jebberi, Sana Ouali & Fathia Mghaieth
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of gym users towards the use of dietary supplements–A systematic review
Abstract
Dietary supplements (DS) are products that are taken alongside the usual diet and utilized to attain a particular health result or enhance exercise performance. DS are increasingly popular among the general population, including gym users without sufficient knowledge. This systematic review aims to understand the sources of knowledge, reasons for supplement usage, and practices of DS usage among gym users. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed to identify the cross-sectional survey-based studies, published between 2013 and 2023, related to knowledge, attitudes, and practice of DS use among gym users. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-Sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices. A total of 24 eligible studies were included in this review. These studies were conducted in: Africa (n = 3), Asia (n = 6), Europe (n = 6), and South America (n = 1). Participants in the included studies were gym users (n = 9202) with the total supplement users being (n = 5370). Results showed that there is a high prevalence of supplement usage among gym users, the internet and media were the most used sources of information, healthcare improvement is the most reported reason for supplement usage, and protein supplements are the most used type of supplements. These findings suggest that there should be more attention to sources of information on the use of dietary supplements with the finding of a high prevalence of dietary supplement usage accompanied by the prevalent use of non-trustworthy sources of information, such as the internet, media and non-healthcare professionals.
Team members
Sthefano Ventura Hernandez, Luhana Ahadia, Ali Ali Redha , Reza Zare, Asli Devrim-Lanpir f , Alan A. Aragon
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Optimization and application of developed green nanocomposite materials for effective grey water purification
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis and application of a developed green nanocomposite material (GNCZ), combining activated carbon from date pits with zeolite NaA, for the efficient treatment of grey wastewater. Extensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) attached with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses, were employed to evaluate the material's structural and functional properties. Incorporating nano GAC in the zeolite structure manifested a surface area of 240.27 (m2.g−1), with an average pore volume of 0.1929 (cm3.g−1). The results demonstrate that the GNCZ exhibits significant adsorption capacity for various contaminants, with optimal removal efficiency achieved under specific conditions of pH, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption process was determined to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics, with thermodynamic analysis revealing an endothermic and non-spontaneous nature. Challenges related to the presence of competing anions, such as NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻, were identified, which can reduce the effectiveness of cation adsorption. However, the material's capacity for multiple regeneration cycles underscores its potential for long-term use in grey wastewater purification systems. This research suggests that, with further optimization, GNCZ could be a sustainable solution for enhancing water quality in agricultural and irrigation contexts.
Team members
Taisir K. Abbas, Rajaa Hussein, Yahya Ibraheem, Yonuis M. Saleem, Hussaen A H Kahachi, Olaitan Comfort Shekoni, Mika Sillanpää, Qusay F. Alsalhy
Programme
STEM Mini-PhD Global Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of rural and suburban areas about brucellosis in Central Bosnia
Abstract
Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonosis classified as one of the most important neglected zoonoses in the world, especially in low and middle-income countries with livestock farming represented. In recent years, an increased incidence of brucellosis has been reported in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in the Central Bosnia Canton (CBC) region. In the CBC region, the first case of the disease was registered at the end of 2002 in the municipality of Novi Travnik. In the period 2003-2012, 539 cases in humans and 7508 infected animals were registered. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the risk of brucellosis in the population living in rural and suburban areas because human behavior plays a significant role in the spread of brucellosis.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in selected rural and suburban areas of the CBC in the period from October 2023 to January 2024. In this study, 117 respondents participated with 60 respondents (51.3%) from rural areas and 57 (48.7%) from suburban areas.
Results: The respondents from rural areas showed better knowledge with an average score of 69.86 ± 11.99% than the respondents from suburban areas with an average score of 59.21 ± 11.86 (p < 0.0001). Looking at the average scores of the attitudes of the same regions, it can be seen that the respondents from the suburban region have a better attitude with 55.56 ± 23.64% (p < 0.0001) than the respondents from the rural region. In practice, the suburban region scored better with an average of 50.50 ± 18.65% than the rural region with 37.08 ± 15.02% (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: The One Health approach, which involves collaboration between veterinary and public health professionals, is the key to successful brucellosis control.
Team members
Sabina Šečić-Selimović, Emsel Papić, Aida Katica, Mohammad Abou El Ardat, Zarema Obradović
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Effect of Acute Beetroot Supplementation on Exercise Performance of CrossFit® Male Athletes: Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of beetroot supplementation on the number of repetitions in the Cindy test of male athletes who practice CrossFit® to improve their exercise performance. Twenty male CrossFit® athletes (age = 28 ±3 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.2 m, weight = 72.2 ± 4.2 kg) were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study. The participants consumed a beetroot supplement (515 mg (8.24 mmol) of nitrate) or placebo (starch) 90 min before starting the Cindy workout. Student's t-tests for paired samples were used to compare the performance between the beetroot supplement and placebo conditions and to examine for a learning effect between the first and the second sessions. No significant differences were found in performance between the beetroot supplement and the placebo conditions (17.4 ± 2.7 vs. 16.7± 2.3 rounds, t = 1.48, p = 0.078). However, a significant learning effect was determined between the first and the second session (16.6 ± 2.4 vs. 17.5± 2.6 rounds, t = 1.94, p= 0.034). Overall, the intake of 515 mg of beetroot nitrate (8.24 mmol) before a Cindy workout did not increase the number of repetitions performed. More studies are needed to confirm whether nitrate in beetroot can be used as an effective performance improvement strategy in CrossFit® male athletes, considering that a learning effect could be present in the practice of CrossFit® workouts.
Team members
Liliana M. Espino, Citali M.L. Cervantes, Beatriz A.G. Rosales, Ángel M.M. Villanueva, Quiané T. Gómez, Rachel Kimble, Reza Zare, Katie M. Heinrich
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Revisiting tuberculosis diagnosis: the prospect of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a diagnostic tool in people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Abstract
Data on 1440 Awassi (AW), 2114 Assaf (AF), 261 Crossbred (XB), and 439 Improved Awassi (IA) lamb genotypes from 689 AW, 1009 AF, 105 XB, and 195 IA dams, and 152 sires, obtained from three geographical districts in the West Bank and collected between 2010 and 2015, were analyzed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for pre-weaning growth traits, including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), pre-weaning average daily gain (PADG), and Kleiber ratio (KR). Explanatory statistical analyses employed the least squares method of the following factors: lamb genotype, mating type (natural mating or artificial insemination), lamb sex, and birth type, on lamb pre-weaning growth traits. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed by an animal model in Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) The heritability estimates for lamb traits showed that AF lambs had the highest heritability for KR 0.62, while IA lambs had a relatively high heritability for PADG 0.42. In terms of genetic correlations, the correlation between birth weight and PADG was strongest in AW 0.80, and IA lambs had a negative genetic correlation between BW and WW −0.28. For maternal genetic correlations, AF lambs exhibited a high maternal correlation between BW and WW 0.78, and AW lambs had a strong maternal correlation between PADG and KR 0.57. Phenotypic correlations were particularly strong in XB lambs between BW and KR 0.79. It was concluded that IA lambs had higher BW, and AF lambs excelled in WW and PADG. These results indicated the potential for genetic improvement in feed efficiency among AF lambs, whereas AW lambs exhibited a stronger environmental influence on growth traits.
Team members
Ayodele Isaac Adedokun, Gaius Bala, Raphael Yohanna, Boluwatife Deborah Oyelabi & Samuel Eniola Gana
Programme
STEM Mini-PhD Global Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effects of Inbreeding on Phenotypic Traits in the Hispano-Arabian Horse
Abstract
Our study investigates the influence of genetic parameters related to inbreeding in the Hispano-Arabian horse, focusing on coat color patterns. A total of 11,010 horses born between 1900 and 2019 were analy-zed. Fourteen coat colors were studied: Chestnut/Sorrel, Black, Bay, Dun, Grey, Isabelline, Overo, Palomino, Cremello, Pearl, Piebald, Roan, Smokey Cream, and White. These coats were categorized into two groups: pure coats (Chestnut/ Sorrel, Bay and Black) and diluted coats (Dun, Grey, Isabelline, Cremello, Overo, Palomino, Pearl, Piebald, Roan, Smokey Cream, and White). Using Bayesian analysis, we determined that inbreeding levels are higher in pure coat colors compared to diluted ones. The highest average inbreeding value was found in the bay coat (4.5%), while the lowest values were observed in white and piebald coats (0%). These findings highlight the need for careful management of breeding programs to preserve genetic diversity and minimize inbreeding in the Hispano-Arabian horse
Team members
Marín Navas, Iglesias Pastrana, McLean, A.K, Delgado Bermejo, Chikha, M, Akriche, Posta, J, Szabó, C. Navas González, F.J.
Programme
ReachSchi Mini-PhD Programme Animal Physiology
Publication title
REVISITING TUBERCULOSIS (TB) DIAGNOSIS: THE PROSPECT OF URINE LIPOARABINOMANNAN (LAM) ASSAY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB), since its discovery has become a global health burden, continuously spreading across the nations of the earth with increased mortality. Its effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression and immune cell deterioration cannot be overlooked. The widespread use of traditional and molecular TB diagnostic methods has been hindered by several factors. Nonetheless, the development of a rapid, sensitive, timely, non-invasive diagnostic protocol could revolutionize the diagnostic era and halt the spread of this infectious agent. It could also help in the early diagnosis of the infection in poorly developed areas. The detection efficacy of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a prospect in tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive patients was assessed in this study. Urine samples were collected into a wide- mouthed universal container from HIV-positive patients with signs and symptom of tuberculosis and HIV advanced disease. Alere Determine urine lateral flow - LAM test was used for the detection of LAM antigen in urine samples of HIV-positive patients. The CD4 count of the HIV- positive patients was also documented. Results: A total of 85 HIV-positive subjects were included in the analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Urinary LAM was reactive in 29 (34.1%) of 85 HIV-positive patients and non-reactive in 56 (69.1%). The majority of the participants had a CD4+ count < 200 cells/µL 60 (70.6%) while others had CD4+ count ≥ to 200 cells/µL 25 (29.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between CD4 count and LAM positivity. Most of the affected age groups in the study were 31-45 years, and females had preponderance in comparison to male subjects.
Conclusions: The use of urinary LAM in HIV-positive patients is a helpful tool for TB screening. It also has a promising ability for early TB diagnosis in the study group and other TB-associated disease conditions in resource-deprived settings. For the general populace, further research is required to certify its sensitivity and specificity.
Team members
Ayodele Isaac Adedokun, Gaius Bala, Nafisa M. K. Elehamer, Raphael Yohanna, Boluwatife Deborah Oyelabi & Samuel Eniola Gana
Programme
ReachSchi Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Influence of Cinnamic Acid, Methyldopa and Ethanol on the readings of Three Glucometers Currently Used in Iraq
Abstract
Background: Dibetes mellitus represents a major public health concern carrying a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Its complications are highly prevalent and might be inevitable in certain circumstances, and the proper monitoring of patients might be the only weapon to minimize these complications. Self-monitoring with a glucometer is the most widely used method for such an issue. The accuracy of these devices has been always a subject of huge debate. The current study aimed to investigate any potential interfering effect of cinnamic acid, methyldopa and ethanol on the measurement of blood glucose estimated by certain glucometers; Accu-chekinstant, Rossmax HS-200 and Oncall plus.
Method: A total of 8ml of blood from a non-fasting participant was drawn after collecting consent, which was then collected in the lithium-heparin tube and centrifuged to isolate blood plasma, divided into 2 groups each spiked with interferants (methyldopa, cinnamic acid). For ethanol, the procedure is different, a participant’s finger was sprayed with 70% ethanol, before the alcohol dries, we lance the finger and test the level of interference by comparing the reading to the baseline. The obtained results were statistically evaluated using Paired T-test.
Results: The presence of cinnamic acid resulted in a significant increase in glucometer readings compared to the baseline reading. The presence of topical 70% ethanol also result in a significant difference in glucometer readings compared to the baseline reading. The presence of methyldopa resulted in a significant decrease in Accu-chek instant compared to the baseline reading but not for Oncall plus or Rossmax HS-200.
Conclusion : all three glucometers were significantly affected by cinnamic acid and topical ethanol 70%, while only the Accu-chek instant was affected by methyldopa.Team members:
Team members
Esraa Ghazy, Ayat K. Abdulellah, Hayder R. Fadhil, Farah Hashim, Mohammed Alawami, Zainab Emad
Programme
Global Mini-PhD Programme (2022 enrolment).
Publication title
Evaluation of performance and estimation of genetic parameters for milk yield and reproductive traits in Awassi and Asaf sheep breeds and crosses in the Palestinian territory
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, including heritability and repeatability, for milk yield and prolificacy in sheep. It included 3682 records from 1837 ewes across various breeds: Awassi, Assaf, and Awassi x Assaf crosses, two Awassi lines: Improved Awassi, AFEC Awassi. The study measured total milk yield (TMY), yield up to 120 days (TMY120), and yield up to 150 days (TMY150), alongside reproductive traits: litter size (LS), number of lambs born alive (NLBA), and lambing interval (LI). The analysis utilized a mixed model and the REML procedure to estimate genetic parameters. Results indicated that litter size (LS) had no significant impact on milk traits, whereas breed, location, ewe parity, and lambing season showed significant effects. Lactation length also significantly influenced TMY. For reproductive traits, treatment was significant for NLBA, with location associated with breed, parity, and season affecting all traits. Heritability estimates for TMY ranged from 0.00 in Awassi x Assaf crosses to 0.11 in Awassi, and for TMY120 and TMY150, from 0.00 in Awassi x Assaf crosses to 0.16 in Awassi. Estimates for LS and NLBA varied similarly. The heritability for LI was 0.03 in Awassi and zero in other breeds and crosses. The findings suggest that in the northern West Bank regions of Nablus and Jenin, Assaf or Awassi x Assaf breeds are preferable. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive performance and pedigree recording for effective sheep farm management.
Team members
Muayad Salman, Samia Khnissi, Ikram Ben Souf, Jihad Abdallah, Wael Halaweh, Hasan Meydan, Faisal S. Rashaydeh & Naceur M’Hamdi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Estimate of Genetic Parameters for Pre-Weaning Growth Traits and Kleiber Ratio in Palestinian Sheep Breeds
Abstract
Data on 1440 Awassi (AW), 2114 Assaf (AF), 261 Crossbred (XB), and 439 Improved Awassi (IA) lamb genotypes from 689 AW, 1009 AF, 105 XB, and 195 IA dams, and 152 sires, obtained from three geographical districts in the West Bank and collected between 2010 and 2015, were analyzed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for pre-weaning growth traits, including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), pre-weaning average daily gain (PADG), and Kleiber ratio (KR). Explanatory statistical analyses employed the least squares method of the following factors: lamb genotype, mating type (natural mating or artificial insemination), lamb sex, and birth type, on lamb pre-weaning growth traits. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed by an animal model in Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) The heritability estimates for lamb traits showed that AF lambs had the highest heritability for KR 0.62, while IA lambs had a relatively high heritability for PADG 0.42. In terms of genetic correlations, the correlation between birth weight and PADG was strongest in AW 0.80, and IA lambs had a negative genetic correlation between BW and WW −0.28. For maternal genetic correlations, AF lambs exhibited a high maternal correlation between BW and WW 0.78, and AW lambs had a strong maternal correlation between PADG and KR 0.57. Phenotypic correlations were particularly strong in XB lambs between BW and KR 0.79. It was concluded that IA lambs had higher BW, and AF lambs excelled in WW and PADG. These results indicated the potential for genetic improvement in feed efficiency among AF lambs, whereas AW lambs exhibited a stronger environmental influence on growth traits.
Team members
Muayad Salman, Ikram Ben Souf, Samia Khnissi, and Wael Halaweh and Naceur M’Hamdi
Programme
Animal Physiology Mini-PhD Global Programme (2024 enrolment).
Publication title
Comparative Study for The Precision and Possible Interference of Some Drugs with Glucometer Measurements Commonly Used In Iraq
Abstract
Glucose control is very imperative in diabetic patients, and the prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in various countries over the past few years. Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drug dosing are based on measurements performed with glucose meters. Therefore, meter precision can have a major impact on insulin dosing accuracy. Inaccurate blood glucose other hypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs. The purpose of the current study done by some students in the Pharmacy Department at Al-Rasheed University College in Baghdad, Iraq, from October through December 2022 is to compare the accuracy of three glucose meters (Accu-Check, VivaChek, and Prodigy) widely distributed and marketed as portable glucometers used by Iraqi diabetic patients in two separate studies, one for glucometer precision and the other as a comparative study for possible blood glucose measurement interferences with Acetaminophen and Ascorbic Acid. The devices used had different mechanism of the test strip. The study results indicated significant blood glucose–acetaminophen interference differences. However, there was no marked interference with ascorbic acid, and relatively consistent readings for the precision test over three days among the three tested glucometers
Team members
Ihab I.Alkhalifa, Shaimaa M.Mohammed, Teba M.Hameed, Mohammed F. Alawami, Osama Mohammed, Hussein Alaa, Muhammed Khalid, Athraa Faraj, Sabaa Theeyzen
Programme
Global Mini-PhD Programme (2022 enrolment).
Publication title
Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit® Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study
Abstract
Given the increasing popularity of CrossFit® as a high-intensity functional training program and the potential benefits of citrulline malate (CM) in enhancing exercise performance through its role as a precursor to L-arginine and nitric oxide production, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of CM supplementation on CrossFit® performance and cardiovascular function. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 21 recreationally active participants (mean age 22.2 ± 2.6 years, mean body weight 75.9 ± 10.4 kg) with CrossFit® experience completed the “Cindy” workout under CM and placebo conditions. Participants consumed 4.4 g of CM or a placebo 60 min before the workout, and the performance was measured by the number of rounds completed. Secondary outcomes included heart rate response, time spent in different heart rate intensity zones, and post-exercise recovery time. The results indicated no significant difference in the number of rounds completed between the CM and placebo conditions (13.5 ± 5.2 vs. 13.8 ± 6.7 rounds, respectively; p = 0.587). However, the time spent in zone 4 (80–90% of HR max) was significantly increased in the CM condition (527 ± 395 s vs. 453 ± 334 s; p = 0.017), suggesting a potential benefit for aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold. No significant differences in post-exercise recovery time were observed (6.6 ± 4.7 h vs. 6.9 ± 4.7 h; p = 0.475). This study highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes, both genders, and different CM dosages to clarify these findings and better understand CM’s role in enhancing athletic performance.
Team members
Asli Devrim-Lanpir, Ferenc Ihász, Máté Demcsik, András Csaba Horváth, Pál Góczán, Péter Czepek, Johanna Takács, Rachel Kimble, Reza Zare, Fatma Esra Gunes, Beat Knechtle, Katja Weiss, Thomas Rosemann and Katie M. Heinrich
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit® Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study
Abstract
Given the increasing popularity of CrossFit® as a high-intensity functional training program and the potential benefits of citrulline malate (CM) in enhancing exercise performance through its role as a precursor to L-arginine and nitric oxide production, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of CM supplementation on CrossFit® performance and cardiovascular function. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 21 recreationally active participants (mean age 22.2 ± 2.6 years, mean body weight 75.9 ± 10.4 kg) with CrossFit® experience completed the “Cindy” workout under CM and placebo conditions. Participants consumed 4.4 g of CM or a placebo 60 min before the workout, and the performance was measured by the number of rounds completed. Secondary outcomes included heart rate response, time spent in different heart rate intensity zones, and post-exercise recovery time. The results indicated no significant difference in the number of rounds completed between the CM and placebo conditions (13.5 ± 5.2 vs. 13.8 ± 6.7 rounds, respectively; p = 0.587). However, the time spent in zone 4 (80–90% of HR max) was significantly increased in the CM condition (527 ± 395 s vs. 453 ± 334 s; p = 0.017), suggesting a potential benefit for aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold. No significant differences in post-exercise recovery time were observed (6.6 ± 4.7 h vs. 6.9 ± 4.7 h; p = 0.475). This study highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes, both genders, and different CM dosages to clarify these findings and better understand CM’s role in enhancing athletic performance.
Team members
Asli Devrim-Lanpir, Ferenc Ihász, Máté Demcsik, András Csaba Horváth, Pál Góczán, Péter Czepek, Johanna Takács, Rachel Kimble, Reza Zare, Fatma Esra Gunes, Beat Knechtle, Katja Weiss, and Thomas Rosemann, Katie M Heinrich
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Comparative Study on Precision and Interference of Maltose and Vitamin C among three Glucometers Commonly Used in United Arab Emirates [U.A.E]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the suitability of commercially available glucometers in the UAE in terms of accurate and reliable blood glucose measurements.
Background: Portable glucometers are employed for measuring blood glucose levels, offering distinct advantages such as providing instant results and being user-friendly when compared to laboratory reference analyzers. However, certain molecules, such as those found in medications, can interfere with the accuracy of glucometer readings.
Objective: To evaluate the precision and interference in the presence of maltose and vitamin C of three glucometers commercially available in the UAE.
Methods: We utilized plasma samples to conduct two types of experiments: a precision experiment and an interference experiment. We compared the precision of three glucometer brands available in the United Arab Emirates [Accu-Chek InstantTM, One Touch Select Plus FlexTM, and Trister GlucoScanTM] in the presence or not of various interfering molecules, such as Maltose and Ascorbic Acid [Vitamin C].
Results: Accu-Chek InstantTM demonstrated the highest precision among the glucometers tested, with a coefficient of variation of less than 5% for all measured glucose values. In contrast, OneTouch Select Plus FlexTM and Trister GlucoscanTM exhibited higher variability in precision, with coefficients of variation of 11.4% and 11%, respectively. Accu-Chek InstantTM consistently performed well in terms of bias and precision in the presence of interferences, and does not display glucose readings above 50mg/dL of Vitamin C. Notably, Ascorbic acid induced a greater bias compared to Maltose for all three glucometers.
Conclusion: The performance of the glucometer is affected by its testing methodology. Accu-Chek InstantTM shows improved precision and is able to detect the presence of Vitamin C. When it comes to Maltose interference, it results in a higher bias change but lower variability, which can be addressed by applying a correction factor.
Team members
Shajitha Farvin Akbar Ali, Bassma Krimi, Mona Alhamadi, Aya Ghazal, Ioannis Zuburtikudis, Mohammed Alawami and Lynnsay Dickson
Programme
Global Mini-PhD Programme (2022 enrolment).
Publication title
Understanding metastatic involvement of the conus medullaris: a systematic review of clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and patient outcomes
Abstract
Introduction: Metastasis to the conus medullaris (CM) is a rare but devastating condition. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment options, and outcomes of patients with CM metastasis. By synthesizing the available evidence, this study seeks to improve our understanding of this condition and inform clinical practice.
Materials and methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines analyzed literature on CM metastasis from 1997 to January 2024. Human studies in English were included, focusing on primary research articles. Screening criteria ensured a homogeneous study population, with data analyzed using SPSS 26 and assessed for quality using the JBI checklist.
Results: The study analyzed 88 patients with conus medullaris metastasis. Common symptoms included back pain (49.3%), sensory impairment (75%), and bladder dysfunction (60.3%). MRI was the primary diagnostic tool, revealing lesions above L1 (37%) or between L1 and L2 (29%). Treatment involved surgery with laminectomy, and combined therapy (surgery plus radiotherapy) in 81.3%. Postoperative outcomes showed improved motor function in 59.6% of patients, while combined therapy yielded better sensory and bowel/bladder function recovery. Median survival was 100 days.
Conclusion: Metastasis to the conus medullaris is rare but significant. Surgical resection can improve motor function, while combined therapy (surgery plus radiotherapy) is effective in improving sensory manifestations and bowel/bladder functions. Despite these treatments, the median survival remains around 100 days, which is shorter compared to other types of intramedullary spinal cord metastases.
Team members
Amr Badary, Ahmed Kertam, Toka Aziz El-Ramly, Noura E. Abomera, Esraa Y. Salama, Sondous Abdelaal, Fatma Monib, Alan Hernández-Hernández, Vivik Sanker, Oday Atallah, Wahab Moustafa, Jörg Silbermann & Mohammad Khalil Al-Barbarawi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Predictive identification and design of potent inhibitors targeting resistance-inducing candidate genes from E. coli whole-genome sequences
Abstract
Introduction: This work utilizes predictive modeling in drug discovery to unravel potential candidate genes from Escherichia coli that are implicated in antimicrobial resistance; we subsequently target the gidB, MacB, and KatG genes with some compounds from plants with reported antibacterial potentials.
Method: The resistance genes and plasmids were identified from 10 whole-genome sequence datasets of E. coli; forty two plant compounds were selected, and their 3D structures were retrieved and optimized for docking. The 3D crystal structures of KatG, MacB, and gidB were retrieved and prepared for molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and ADMET profiling.
Result: Hesperidin showed the least binding energy (kcal/mol) against KatG (−9.3), MacB (−10.7), and gidB (−6.7); additionally, good pharmacokinetic profiles and structure–dynamics integrity with their respective protein complexes were observed.
Conclusion: Although these findings suggest hesperidin as a potential inhibitor against MacB, gidB, and KatG in E. coli, further validations through in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed. This research is expected to provide an alternative avenue for addressing existing antimicrobial resistances associated with E. coli’s MacB, gidB, and KatG.
Team members
Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Neeraj Kumar, Christopher Busayo Olowosoke, Tope Abraham Ibisanmi, Islamiyyah Ayoade, Haruna Isiyaku Umar, Abdullahi Temitope Jamiu, Basit Bolarinwa, Zainab Olapade, Abidemi Ruth Idowu, Ibrahim O. Adelakun, Isreal Ayobami Onifade, Benjamin Akangbe, Modesta Abacheng, Odion O. Ikhimiukor, Aeshah A. Awaji, and Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola.
Programme
Mini-PhD Internship Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal Intensity Exercise in Trained Young Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Beta-alanine is a nonessential amino acid that is commonly used to improve exercise performance. It could influence the buffering of hydrogen ions produced during intense exercise and delay fatigue, providing a substrate for increased synthesis of intramuscular carnosine. This systematic review evaluates the effects of beta-alanine supplementation on maximal intensity exercise in trained, young, male individuals. Six databases were searched on August 10, 2023, to identify randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effect of chronic beta-alanine supplementation in trained male individuals with an age range of 18–40 years. Studies evaluating exercise performance through maximal or supramaximal intensity efforts falling within the 0.5–10 min duration were included. A total of 18 individual studies were analyzed, employing 18 exercise test protocols and 15 outcome measures in 331 participants. A significant (p = .01) result was observed with an overall effect size of 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.09, 0.69]), in favor of beta-alanine supplementation versus placebo. Results indicate significant effects at 4 weeks of supplementation, effect size 0.34 (95% CI [0.02, 0.67], p = .04); 4–10 min of maximal effort, effect size 0.55 (95% CI [0.07, 1.04], p = .03); and a high beta-alanine dosage of 5.6–6.4 g per day, effect size 0.35 (95% CI [0.09, 0.62], p = .009). The results provide insights into which exercise modality will benefit the most, and which dosage protocols and durations stand to provide the greatest ergogenic effects. This may be used to inform further research, and professional or recreational training design, and optimization of supplementation strategies.
Team members
George D. Georgiou, Kyriaki Antoniou, Stephanie Antoniou, Eleni Anna Michelekaki, Reza Zare , Ali Ali Redha , Konstantinos Prokopidis , Efstathios Christodoulides , and Tom Clifford
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
The Biomolecular Basis of Gut Microbiome on Neurological Diseases
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors many microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and bacteria. Altogether, these microbes constitute what we know as the gut microbiome (GM). These commensal communities have important implications for human health. They influence physiological processes through different mechanisms, including synthesizing neurotransmitters, regulating enzymatic pathways, and releasing molecules responsible for different signal pathways. The interaction between GM and brain function has been associated with the development and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. This review discusses current studies targeting the regulation and modulation of GM in nerve, neuroendocrine, and immune pathways. Thus, we analyze current evidence on transcription, changes in composition, and specific interactions between the gut and brain from a biomolecular perspective. Special attention is paid to mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
Team members
Roberto Anaya-Prado, Ana P. Cárdenas-Fregoso, Ana M. Reyes-Perez, Danielle M. Ortiz-Hernandez, Montserrat Quijano-Ortiz, Monica V. Delgado-Martinez, Ana S. Pelayo-Romo, Roberto Anaya-Fernández, Michelle M. Anaya-Fernández, Consuelo C. Azcona-Ramírez, Ivan F. Garcia-Ramirez, Miguel A. Guerrero-Palomera, Daniel Gonzalez-Martinez, Citlalli S. Guerrero-Palomera, Karina Paredes-Paredes, Claudia Garcia-Perez
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Dietary Supplementation Strategies for Improving Training Adaptations, Antioxidant Status and Performance of Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Purpose: Volleyball demands high physical performance including agility, speed, endurance and muscular strength. As volleyball players explore methods to achieve efficiency in these areas, nutritional supplementation has been considered a valuable adjunct to accomplish this goal. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of different dietary supplementation strategies on the training adaptations, antioxidant status and performance of volleyball players.
Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and EbscoHost on 28th July 2023 and updated on 12th May 2024. Studies were included if the participants were volleyball players, taking a dietary supplement and evaluated sports-related outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's revised risk of bias tool, RoB2.
Results: The review included 19 trials investigating supplements such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), creatine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), hydroxy-methyl-butyrate (HMB), grape seed extract (GSE), nitrate, caffeine, iron and magnesium. Outcomes including vertical jump (VJ) height, endurance, oxidative stress, cell damage, muscle strength, and anaerobic and aerobic capacity were considered. Caffeine supplementation improved VJ height and agility while creatine, BCAA, HMB and mineral supplementation may improve anaerobic performance and muscle strength without a clear positive effect on VJ height, subject to a limited number of studies on each supplement. Creatine and BCAA effects were inconsistent concerning muscle damage.
Conclusions: Among the investigated supplements, caffeine showed the most promising data to enhance physical performance and agility. NAC and GSE could improve antioxidant status. More research is needed to assess other supplements’ effectiveness in volleyball players.
Team members
Ricardo E. Hernández-Landa, Milton Lazo, Daniela D. Salado, Elizabeth Sánchez-Almanzar, and Jenny L. Cepeda-Marte, Reza Zare, Ali Ali Redha & Tom Clifford
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Bioinformatics analysis of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Nigeria and other countries for quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance
Abstract
Quinolones were the drugs of choice for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially, infections caused by Gram negative bacteria. Unfortunately, these drugs have been resisted by the microbial agents including Escherichia coli, known to be the leading cause of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) globally. This study therefore was aimed at detecting all the genes involved in Quinolone resistance by the E. coli pathogen isolated from Nigeria and from other geographical regions, using robust techniques. Twenty-three sequence data files of Escherichia coli from various countries of the world were retrieved from the National Centre for biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and sent for genome assembly for processing of the short reads into long reads. The outcome was config. fasta files which were comprehensively annotated and characterized for genetic functions and mechanisms. A total of 208 antibiotic resistance genes were detected, out of which 27(13.0%) were linked to quinolone resistance and 14(6.7%) to multi- drug resistance. The result of this study significantly implicated many genes in quinolone resistance; notably were the efflux pump genes and their high percentage abundance. We recommend in-depth study of the genes for their expression capabilities, also the structure and features of the efflux pump genes to enable proper redesigning of drugs by integrating anti efflux pump substances that will selectively prevent the expression of the genes for antibiotic resistance, without any harm to the host, or that can destabilize the positive regulation of the operon for antibiotic resistance.
Team members
Udochi A. Ugo, Ebele Onuigbo, Iniekong Philip Udoh, Miriam Goodness Udochukwu Nwaneri, Mohamed Alawami, Gonesh Chandra Saha, Chukwunonso Mabel Eduzor, Samson O. Aisida, Lilian Ngozi Chukwuma, and Nosa Aima Airenobuwa.
Programme
Mini-PhD Internship Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Enhancing building sustainability through aerodynamic shading devices: an integrated design methodology using finite element analysis and optimized neural networks
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable building solutions, attention has increasingly turned to innovative structural designs and technologies that minimize environmental impact. Within this context, this study explores the integration of advanced sun-breakers and aerodynamic features into building design. Recent developments in shading devices are analysed to optimize the use of airflow in aerodynamic performance. Due to the computational intensity of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Stochastic Gradient Descent (ANN-SGD) is employed as a substitute for such limitations. A predictive model was developed to estimate fluid flow fluent full iteration range variables which included wind velocity, static pressure, air density, and turbulent kinetic energy. These predictions are initially validated using a first short run of workbench simulations then the ANN-SGD model is applied to expedite the computational process. The adopted ANN-SGD model exhibited high regression accuracy that was evidenced by a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 4.66% while the Coefficient of Determination (R^2) had scored a highest score of 0.995 in addition to the Coefficient of Variation of the RMSE (CVRMSE) scoring 8.33%. The findings of this work offer future development perspectives and strategies in building sustainability and aerodynamical shading devices’ design.
Team members
Luttfi A. Al-Haddad, Yousif M. Al-Muslim, Ahmed Salman Hammood, Ahmed A. Al-Zubaidi, Ali M. Khalil, Yahya Ibraheem, Hadeel Jameel Imran, Mohammed Y. Fattah, Mohammed F. Alawami & Ali M. Abdul-Ghani
Programme
STEM Mini-PhD Global Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effects of Vaccinium berries (blueberries, cranberries and bilberries) on oxidative stress, inflammation, exercise performance, and recovery – a systematic review
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage is common in athletes and recreational exercisers and can lead to muscle soreness, weakness, and impaired muscle function. The precise mechanisms are unclear but oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to play a role. (Poly)phenols are substances abundant in Vaccinium berries that have been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could help improve exercise performance and/or recovery from exercise. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits of Vaccinium berry supplementation on exercise performance and recovery, as well as on exercise-induced oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies were included if the participants were healthy individuals who were supplemented with any Vaccinium berry or Vaccinium berry-based products in comparison to a control group. Of the 13 articles included in this review, no significant differences in the exercise performance were found and only one study reported benefits for markers of recovery. Interleukins and c-reactive protein were the most frequently reported biomarkers, but there was limited evidence that Vaccinium berry supplementation impacted them post-exercise. Most studies were of high quality and showed a low risk of bias. Vaccinium berry supplementation is not effective in modulating markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative distress in healthy individuals; nevertheless, more studies are required to evaluate their effects on exercise performance and recovery in this population.
Team members
Arnold Prieto Martínez, Michelle Coutiño Diaz, and Lizette Anaya Romero, Ali Ali Redha, Reza Zare, Sthefano Ventura Hernandez, Konstantinos Prokopidis and Tom Clifford
Programme
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).