Teams Publications
ReachSci Mini-PhD graduates have published their research in many journals.
ReachSci Mini-PhD is a very intensive programme that teaches students research skills from A to Z practically.
See below some of the publications highlights.
Publication title
Optimization and application of developed green nanocomposite materials for effective grey water purification
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis and application of a developed green nanocomposite material (GNCZ), combining activated carbon from date pits with zeolite NaA, for the efficient treatment of grey wastewater. Extensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) attached with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses, were employed to evaluate the material's structural and functional properties. Incorporating nano GAC in the zeolite structure manifested a surface area of 240.27 (m2.g−1), with an average pore volume of 0.1929 (cm3.g−1). The results demonstrate that the GNCZ exhibits significant adsorption capacity for various contaminants, with optimal removal efficiency achieved under specific conditions of pH, contact time, and temperature. The adsorption process was determined to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics, with thermodynamic analysis revealing an endothermic and non-spontaneous nature. Challenges related to the presence of competing anions, such as NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻, were identified, which can reduce the effectiveness of cation adsorption. However, the material's capacity for multiple regeneration cycles underscores its potential for long-term use in grey wastewater purification systems. This research suggests that, with further optimization, GNCZ could be a sustainable solution for enhancing water quality in agricultural and irrigation contexts.
Team members:
Taisir K. Abbas, and Rajaa Hussein
Programme:
STEM Mini-PhD Global Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Revisiting tuberculosis diagnosis: the prospect of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a diagnostic tool in people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Abstract
Data on 1440 Awassi (AW), 2114 Assaf (AF), 261 Crossbred (XB), and 439 Improved Awassi (IA) lamb genotypes from 689 AW, 1009 AF, 105 XB, and 195 IA dams, and 152 sires, obtained from three geographical districts in the West Bank and collected between 2010 and 2015, were analyzed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for pre-weaning growth traits, including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), pre-weaning average daily gain (PADG), and Kleiber ratio (KR). Explanatory statistical analyses employed the least squares method of the following factors: lamb genotype, mating type (natural mating or artificial insemination), lamb sex, and birth type, on lamb pre-weaning growth traits. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed by an animal model in Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) The heritability estimates for lamb traits showed that AF lambs had the highest heritability for KR 0.62, while IA lambs had a relatively high heritability for PADG 0.42. In terms of genetic correlations, the correlation between birth weight and PADG was strongest in AW 0.80, and IA lambs had a negative genetic correlation between BW and WW −0.28. For maternal genetic correlations, AF lambs exhibited a high maternal correlation between BW and WW 0.78, and AW lambs had a strong maternal correlation between PADG and KR 0.57. Phenotypic correlations were particularly strong in XB lambs between BW and KR 0.79. It was concluded that IA lambs had higher BW, and AF lambs excelled in WW and PADG. These results indicated the potential for genetic improvement in feed efficiency among AF lambs, whereas AW lambs exhibited a stronger environmental influence on growth traits.
Team members:
Ayodele Isaac Adedokun, Gaius Bala, Raphael Yohanna, Boluwatife Deborah Oyelabi & Samuel Eniola Gana
Programme:
STEM Mini-PhD Global Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of gym users towards the use of dietary supplements–A systematic review
Abstract
Dietary supplements (DS) are products that are taken alongside the usual diet and utilized to attain a particular health result or enhance exercise performance. DS are increasingly popular among the general population, including gym users without sufficient knowledge. This systematic review aims to understand the sources of knowledge, reasons for supplement usage, and practices of DS usage among gym users. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed to identify the cross-sectional survey-based studies, published between 2013 and 2023, related to knowledge, attitudes, and practice of DS use among gym users. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-Sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices. A total of 24 eligible studies were included in this review. These studies were conducted in: Africa (n = 3), Asia (n = 6), Europe (n = 6), and South America (n = 1). Participants in the included studies were gym users (n = 9202) with the total supplement users being (n = 5370). Results showed that there is a high prevalence of supplement usage among gym users, the internet and media were the most used sources of information, healthcare improvement is the most reported reason for supplement usage, and protein supplements are the most used type of supplements. These findings suggest that there should be more attention to sources of information on the use of dietary supplements with the finding of a high prevalence of dietary supplement usage accompanied by the prevalent use of non-trustworthy sources of information, such as the internet, media and non-healthcare professionals.
Team members:
Sthefano Ventura Hernandez, Luhana Ahadia, and Asli Devrim-Lanpir
Programme:
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit® Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study
Abstract
Given the increasing popularity of CrossFit® as a high-intensity functional training program and the potential benefits of citrulline malate (CM) in enhancing exercise performance through its role as a precursor to L-arginine and nitric oxide production, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of CM supplementation on CrossFit® performance and cardiovascular function. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 21 recreationally active participants (mean age 22.2 ± 2.6 years, mean body weight 75.9 ± 10.4 kg) with CrossFit® experience completed the “Cindy” workout under CM and placebo conditions. Participants consumed 4.4 g of CM or a placebo 60 min before the workout, and the performance was measured by the number of rounds completed. Secondary outcomes included heart rate response, time spent in different heart rate intensity zones, and post-exercise recovery time. The results indicated no significant difference in the number of rounds completed between the CM and placebo conditions (13.5 ± 5.2 vs. 13.8 ± 6.7 rounds, respectively; p = 0.587). However, the time spent in zone 4 (80–90% of HR max) was significantly increased in the CM condition (527 ± 395 s vs. 453 ± 334 s; p = 0.017), suggesting a potential benefit for aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold. No significant differences in post-exercise recovery time were observed (6.6 ± 4.7 h vs. 6.9 ± 4.7 h; p = 0.475). This study highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes, both genders, and different CM dosages to clarify these findings and better understand CM’s role in enhancing athletic performance.
Team members:
Máté Demcsik, András Csaba Horváth, Pál Góczán, Péter Czepek, and Ferenc Ihász
Programme:
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Estimate of Genetic Parameters for Pre-Weaning Growth Traits and Kleiber Ratio in Palestinian Sheep Breeds
Abstract
Data on 1440 Awassi (AW), 2114 Assaf (AF), 261 Crossbred (XB), and 439 Improved Awassi (IA) lamb genotypes from 689 AW, 1009 AF, 105 XB, and 195 IA dams, and 152 sires, obtained from three geographical districts in the West Bank and collected between 2010 and 2015, were analyzed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for pre-weaning growth traits, including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), pre-weaning average daily gain (PADG), and Kleiber ratio (KR). Explanatory statistical analyses employed the least squares method of the following factors: lamb genotype, mating type (natural mating or artificial insemination), lamb sex, and birth type, on lamb pre-weaning growth traits. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed by an animal model in Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) The heritability estimates for lamb traits showed that AF lambs had the highest heritability for KR 0.62, while IA lambs had a relatively high heritability for PADG 0.42. In terms of genetic correlations, the correlation between birth weight and PADG was strongest in AW 0.80, and IA lambs had a negative genetic correlation between BW and WW −0.28. For maternal genetic correlations, AF lambs exhibited a high maternal correlation between BW and WW 0.78, and AW lambs had a strong maternal correlation between PADG and KR 0.57. Phenotypic correlations were particularly strong in XB lambs between BW and KR 0.79. It was concluded that IA lambs had higher BW, and AF lambs excelled in WW and PADG. These results indicated the potential for genetic improvement in feed efficiency among AF lambs, whereas AW lambs exhibited a stronger environmental influence on growth traits.
Team members:
Muayad Salman, Ikram Ben Souf, Samia Khnissi, and Wael Halaweh.
Programme:
Animal Physiology Mini-PhD Global Programme (2024 enrolment).
Publication title
Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit® Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study
Abstract
Given the increasing popularity of CrossFit® as a high-intensity functional training program and the potential benefits of citrulline malate (CM) in enhancing exercise performance through its role as a precursor to L-arginine and nitric oxide production, this study aimed to investigate the acute effects of CM supplementation on CrossFit® performance and cardiovascular function. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 21 recreationally active participants (mean age 22.2 ± 2.6 years, mean body weight 75.9 ± 10.4 kg) with CrossFit® experience completed the “Cindy” workout under CM and placebo conditions. Participants consumed 4.4 g of CM or a placebo 60 min before the workout, and the performance was measured by the number of rounds completed. Secondary outcomes included heart rate response, time spent in different heart rate intensity zones, and post-exercise recovery time. The results indicated no significant difference in the number of rounds completed between the CM and placebo conditions (13.5 ± 5.2 vs. 13.8 ± 6.7 rounds, respectively; p = 0.587). However, the time spent in zone 4 (80–90% of HR max) was significantly increased in the CM condition (527 ± 395 s vs. 453 ± 334 s; p = 0.017), suggesting a potential benefit for aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold. No significant differences in post-exercise recovery time were observed (6.6 ± 4.7 h vs. 6.9 ± 4.7 h; p = 0.475). This study highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes, both genders, and different CM dosages to clarify these findings and better understand CM’s role in enhancing athletic performance.
Team members:
Asli Devrim-Lanpir, Ferenc Ihász, Máté Demcsik, András Csaba Horváth, Pál Góczán, Péter Czepek, Johanna Takács, Rachel Kimble, Reza Zare, Fatma Esra Gunes, Beat Knechtle, Katja Weiss, and Thomas Rosemann.
Programme:
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effects of Vaccinium berries (blueberries, cranberries and bilberries) on oxidative stress, inflammation, exercise performance, and recovery – a systematic review
Abstract
Exercise-induced muscle damage is common in athletes and recreational exercisers and can lead to muscle soreness, weakness, and impaired muscle function. The precise mechanisms are unclear but oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to play a role. (Poly)phenols are substances abundant in Vaccinium berries that have been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could help improve exercise performance and/or recovery from exercise. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits of Vaccinium berry supplementation on exercise performance and recovery, as well as on exercise-induced oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy individuals. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies were included if the participants were healthy individuals who were supplemented with any Vaccinium berry or Vaccinium berry-based products in comparison to a control group. Of the 13 articles included in this review, no significant differences in the exercise performance were found and only one study reported benefits for markers of recovery. Interleukins and c-reactive protein were the most frequently reported biomarkers, but there was limited evidence that Vaccinium berry supplementation impacted them post-exercise. Most studies were of high quality and showed a low risk of bias. Vaccinium berry supplementation is not effective in modulating markers of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative distress in healthy individuals; nevertheless, more studies are required to evaluate their effects on exercise performance and recovery in this population.
Team members:
Arnold Prieto Martínez, Michelle Coutiño Diaz, and Lizette Anaya Romero.
Programme:
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Enhancing building sustainability through aerodynamic shading devices: an integrated design methodology using finite element analysis and optimized neural networks
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable building solutions, attention has increasingly turned to innovative structural designs and technologies that minimize environmental impact. Within this context, this study explores the integration of advanced sun-breakers and aerodynamic features into building design. Recent developments in shading devices are analysed to optimize the use of airflow in aerodynamic performance. Due to the computational intensity of Finite Element Analysis (FEA), an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Stochastic Gradient Descent (ANN-SGD) is employed as a substitute for such limitations. A predictive model was developed to estimate fluid flow fluent full iteration range variables which included wind velocity, static pressure, air density, and turbulent kinetic energy. These predictions are initially validated using a first short run of workbench simulations then the ANN-SGD model is applied to expedite the computational process. The adopted ANN-SGD model exhibited high regression accuracy that was evidenced by a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 4.66% while the Coefficient of Determination (R^2) had scored a highest score of 0.995 in addition to the Coefficient of Variation of the RMSE (CVRMSE) scoring 8.33%. The findings of this work offer future development perspectives and strategies in building sustainability and aerodynamical shading devices’ design.
Team members:
Luttfi A. Al-Haddad, Yousif M. Al-Muslim, Ahmed Salman Hammood, Ahmed A. Al-Zubaidi, Ali M. Khalil, and Yahya Ibraheem.
Programme:
STEM Mini-PhD Global Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Dietary Supplementation Strategies for Improving Training Adaptations, Antioxidant Status and Performance of Volleyball Players: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Purpose
Volleyball demands high physical performance including agility, speed, endurance and muscular strength. As volleyball players explore methods to achieve efficiency in these areas, nutritional supplementation has been considered a valuable adjunct to accomplish this goal. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively explore the effects of different dietary supplementation strategies on the training adaptations, antioxidant status and performance of volleyball players.
Methods
A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and EbscoHost on 28th July 2023 and updated on 12th May 2024. Studies were included if the participants were volleyball players, taking a dietary supplement and evaluated sports-related outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's revised risk of bias tool, RoB2.
Results
The review included 19 trials investigating supplements such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), creatine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), hydroxy-methyl-butyrate (HMB), grape seed extract (GSE), nitrate, caffeine, iron and magnesium. Outcomes including vertical jump (VJ) height, endurance, oxidative stress, cell damage, muscle strength, and anaerobic and aerobic capacity were considered. Caffeine supplementation improved VJ height and agility while creatine, BCAA, HMB and mineral supplementation may improve anaerobic performance and muscle strength without a clear positive effect on VJ height, subject to a limited number of studies on each supplement. Creatine and BCAA effects were inconsistent concerning muscle damage.
Conclusions
Among the investigated supplements, caffeine showed the most promising data to enhance physical performance and agility. NAC and GSE could improve antioxidant status. More research is needed to assess other supplements’ effectiveness in volleyball players.
Team members:
Ricardo E. Hernández-Landa, Milton Lazo, Daniela D. Salado, Elizabeth Sánchez-Almanzar, and Jenny L. Cepeda-Marte.
Programme:
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effect of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Maximal Intensity Exercise in Trained Young Male Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Beta-alanine is a nonessential amino acid that is commonly used to improve exercise performance. It could influence the buffering of hydrogen ions produced during intense exercise and delay fatigue, providing a substrate for increased synthesis of intramuscular carnosine. This systematic review evaluates the effects of beta-alanine supplementation on maximal intensity exercise in trained, young, male individuals. Six databases were searched on August 10, 2023, to identify randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effect of chronic beta-alanine supplementation in trained male individuals with an age range of 18–40 years. Studies evaluating exercise performance through maximal or supramaximal intensity efforts falling within the 0.5–10 min duration were included. A total of 18 individual studies were analyzed, employing 18 exercise test protocols and 15 outcome measures in 331 participants. A significant (p = .01) result was observed with an overall effect size of 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.09, 0.69]), in favor of beta-alanine supplementation versus placebo. Results indicate significant effects at 4 weeks of supplementation, effect size 0.34 (95% CI [0.02, 0.67], p = .04); 4–10 min of maximal effort, effect size 0.55 (95% CI [0.07, 1.04], p = .03); and a high beta-alanine dosage of 5.6–6.4 g per day, effect size 0.35 (95% CI [0.09, 0.62], p = .009). The results provide insights into which exercise modality will benefit the most, and which dosage protocols and durations stand to provide the greatest ergogenic effects. This may be used to inform further research, and professional or recreational training design, and optimization of supplementation strategies.
Team members:
George D. Georgiou, Kyriaki Antoniou, Stephanie Antoniou, Eleni Anna Michelekaki, and Efstathios Christodoulides.
Programme:
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Bioinformatics analysis of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Nigeria and other countries for quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance
Abstract
Quinolones were the drugs of choice for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially, infections caused by Gram negative bacteria. Unfortunately, these drugs have been resisted by the microbial agents including Escherichia coli, known to be the leading cause of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) globally. This study therefore was aimed at detecting all the genes involved in Quinolone resistance by the E. coli pathogen isolated from Nigeria and from other geographical regions, using robust techniques. Twenty-three sequence data files of Escherichia coli from various countries of the world were retrieved from the National Centre for biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and sent for genome assembly for processing of the short reads into long reads. The outcome was config. fasta files which were comprehensively annotated and characterized for genetic functions and mechanisms. A total of 208 antibiotic resistance genes were detected, out of which 27(13.0%) were linked to quinolone resistance and 14(6.7%) to multi- drug resistance. The result of this study significantly implicated many genes in quinolone resistance; notably were the efflux pump genes and their high percentage abundance. We recommend in-depth study of the genes for their expression capabilities, also the structure and features of the efflux pump genes to enable proper redesigning of drugs by integrating anti efflux pump substances that will selectively prevent the expression of the genes for antibiotic resistance, without any harm to the host, or that can destabilize the positive regulation of the operon for antibiotic resistance.
Team members:
Udochi A. Ugo, Ebele Onuigbo, Iniekong Philip Udoh, Miriam Goodness Udochukwu Nwaneri, Mohamed Alawami, Gonesh Chandra Saha, Chukwunonso Mabel Eduzor, Samson O. Aisida, Lilian Ngozi Chukwuma, and Nosa Aima Airenobuwa.
Programme:
Mini-PhD Internship Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Predictive identification and design of potent inhibitors targeting resistance-inducing candidate genes from E. coli whole-genome sequences
Abstract
Introduction: This work utilizes predictive modeling in drug discovery to unravel potential candidate genes from Escherichia coli that are implicated in antimicrobial resistance; we subsequently target the gidB, MacB, and KatG genes with some compounds from plants with reported antibacterial potentials.
Method: The resistance genes and plasmids were identified from 10 whole-genome sequence datasets of E. coli; forty two plant compounds were selected, and their 3D structures were retrieved and optimized for docking. The 3D crystal structures of KatG, MacB, and gidB were retrieved and prepared for molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and ADMET profiling.
Result: Hesperidin showed the least binding energy (kcal/mol) against KatG (−9.3), MacB (−10.7), and gidB (−6.7); additionally, good pharmacokinetic profiles and structure–dynamics integrity with their respective protein complexes were observed.
Conclusion: Although these findings suggest hesperidin as a potential inhibitor against MacB, gidB, and KatG in E. coli, further validations through in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed. This research is expected to provide an alternative avenue for addressing existing antimicrobial resistances associated with E. coli’s MacB, gidB, and KatG.
Team members:
Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Neeraj Kumar, Christopher Busayo Olowosoke, Tope Abraham Ibisanmi, Islamiyyah Ayoade, Haruna Isiyaku Umar, Abdullahi Temitope Jamiu, Basit Bolarinwa, Zainab Olapade, Abidemi Ruth Idowu, Ibrahim O. Adelakun, Isreal Ayobami Onifade, Benjamin Akangbe, Modesta Abacheng, Odion O. Ikhimiukor, Aeshah A. Awaji, and Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola.
Programme:
Mini-PhD Internship Programme (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Effect of Acute Beetroot Supplementation on Exercise Performance of CrossFit® Male Athletes: Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of beetroot supplementation on the number of repetitions in the Cindy test of male athletes who practice CrossFit® to improve their exercise performance. Twenty male CrossFit® athletes (age = 28 ±3 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.2 m, weight = 72.2 ± 4.2 kg) were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover study. The participants consumed a beetroot supplement (515 mg (8.24 mmol) of nitrate) or placebo (starch) 90 min before starting the Cindy workout. Student's t-tests for paired samples were used to compare the performance between the beetroot supplement and placebo conditions and to examine for a learning effect between the first and the second sessions. No significant differences were found in performance between the beetroot supplement and the placebo conditions (17.4 ± 2.7 vs. 16.7± 2.3 rounds, t = 1.48, p = 0.078). However, a significant learning effect was determined between the first and the second session (16.6 ± 2.4 vs. 17.5± 2.6 rounds, t = 1.94, p= 0.034). Overall, the intake of 515 mg of beetroot nitrate (8.24 mmol) before a Cindy workout did not increase the number of repetitions performed. More studies are needed to confirm whether nitrate in beetroot can be used as an effective performance improvement strategy in CrossFit® male athletes, considering that a learning effect could be present in the practice of CrossFit® workouts.
Team members:
Liliana Madera, Citlali M. Lara, Beatriz A. Gámez, Ángel Magaña, and Quiané Tecuapetla.
Programme:
Mini-PhD Global Programme Food Science & Nutrition (2023 enrolment).
Publication title
Comparative Study on Precision and Interference of Maltose and Vitamin C among three Glucometers Commonly Used in United Arab Emirates [U.A.E]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the suitability of commercially available glucometers in the UAE in terms of accurate and reliable blood glucose measurements.
Background: Portable glucometers are employed for measuring blood glucose levels, offering distinct advantages such as providing instant results and being user-friendly when compared to laboratory reference analyzers. However, certain molecules, such as those found in medications, can interfere with the accuracy of glucometer readings.
Objective: To evaluate the precision and interference in the presence of maltose and vitamin C of three glucometers commercially available in the UAE.
Methods: We utilized plasma samples to conduct two types of experiments: a precision experiment and an interference experiment. We compared the precision of three glucometer brands available in the United Arab Emirates [Accu-Chek InstantTM, One Touch Select Plus FlexTM, and Trister GlucoScanTM] in the presence or not of various interfering molecules, such as Maltose and Ascorbic Acid [Vitamin C].
Results: Accu-Chek InstantTM demonstrated the highest precision among the glucometers tested, with a coefficient of variation of less than 5% for all measured glucose values. In contrast, OneTouch Select Plus FlexTM and Trister GlucoscanTM exhibited higher variability in precision, with coefficients of variation of 11.4% and 11%, respectively. Accu-Chek InstantTM consistently performed well in terms of bias and precision in the presence of interferences, and does not display glucose readings above 50mg/dL of Vitamin C. Notably, Ascorbic acid induced a greater bias compared to Maltose for all three glucometers.
Conclusion: The performance of the glucometer is affected by its testing methodology. Accu-Chek InstantTM shows improved precision and is able to detect the presence of Vitamin C. When it comes to Maltose interference, it results in a higher bias change but lower variability, which can be addressed by applying a correction factor.
Team members:
Shajitha Farvin Akbar Ali, Bassma Krimi, Mona Alhamadi, and Aya Ghazal.
Programme:
Global Mini-PhD Programme (2022 enrolment).
Publication title
Comparative Study for The Precision and Possible Interference of Some Drugs with Glucometer Measurements Commonly Used In Iraq
Abstract
Glucose control is very imperative in diabetic patients, and the prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in various countries over the past few years. Insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drug dosing are based on measurements performed with glucose meters. Therefore, meter precision can have a major impact on insulin dosing accuracy. Inaccurate blood glucose other hypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs. The purpose of the current study done by some students in the Pharmacy Department at Al-Rasheed University College in Baghdad, Iraq, from October through December 2022 is to compare the accuracy of three glucose meters (Accu-Check, VivaChek, and Prodigy) widely distributed and marketed as portable glucometers used by Iraqi diabetic patients in two separate studies, one for glucometer precision and the other as a comparative study for possible blood glucose measurement interferences with Acetaminophen and Ascorbic Acid. The devices used had different mechanism of the test strip. The study results indicated significant blood glucose–acetaminophen interference differences. However, there was no marked interference with ascorbic acid, and relatively consistent readings for the precision test over three days among the three tested glucometers
Team members:
Osama Mohammed, Hussein Alaa, Muhammed Khalid, Athraa Faraj, and Sabaa Theeyzen.
Programme:
Global Mini-PhD Programme (2022 enrolment).
Publication title
Influence of Cinnamic Acid, Methyldopa and Ethanol on the readings of Three Glucometers Currently Used in Iraq
Abstract
Background: Dibetes mellitus represents a major public health concern carrying a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Its complications are highly prevalent and might be inevitable in certain circumstances, and the proper monitoring of patients might be the only weapon to minimize these complications. Self-monitoring with a glucometer is the most widely used method for such an issue. The accuracy of these devices has been always a subject of huge debate. The current study aimed to investigate any potential interfering effect of cinnamic acid, methyldopa and ethanol on the measurement of blood glucose estimated by certain glucometers; Accu-chekinstant, Rossmax HS-200 and Oncall plus.
Method: A total of 8ml of blood from a non-fasting participant was drawn after collecting consent, which was then collected in the lithium-heparin tube and centrifuged to isolate blood plasma, divided into 2 groups each spiked with interferants (methyldopa, cinnamic acid). For ethanol, the procedure is different, a participant’s finger was sprayed with 70% ethanol, before the alcohol dries, we lance the finger and test the level of interference by comparing the reading to the baseline. The obtained results were statistically evaluated using Paired T-test.
Results: The presence of cinnamic acid resulted in a significant increase in glucometer readings compared to the baseline reading. The presence of topical 70% ethanol also result in a significant difference in glucometer readings compared to the baseline reading. The presence of methyldopa resulted in a significant decrease in Accu-chek instant compared to the baseline reading but not for Oncall plus or Rossmax HS-200.
Conclusion : all three glucometers were significantly affected by cinnamic acid and topical ethanol 70%, while only the Accu-chek instant was affected by methyldopa.Team members:
Team members:
Ayat K. Abdulellah, Hayder R. Fadhil, Farah Hashim, and Zainab Emad
Programme:
Global Mini-PhD Programme (2022 enrolment).
Publication title
Evaluation of performance and estimation of genetic parameters for milk yield and reproductive traits in Awassi and Asaf sheep breeds and crosses in the Palestinian territory
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, including heritability and repeatability, for milk yield and prolificacy in sheep. It included 3682 records from 1837 ewes across various breeds: Awassi, Assaf, and Awassi x Assaf crosses, two Awassi lines: Improved Awassi, AFEC Awassi. The study measured total milk yield (TMY), yield up to 120 days (TMY120), and yield up to 150 days (TMY150), alongside reproductive traits: litter size (LS), number of lambs born alive (NLBA), and lambing interval (LI). The analysis utilized a mixed model and the REML procedure to estimate genetic parameters. Results indicated that litter size (LS) had no significant impact on milk traits, whereas breed, location, ewe parity, and lambing season showed significant effects. Lactation length also significantly influenced TMY. For reproductive traits, treatment was significant for NLBA, with location associated with breed, parity, and season affecting all traits. Heritability estimates for TMY ranged from 0.00 in Awassi x Assaf crosses to 0.11 in Awassi, and for TMY120 and TMY150, from 0.00 in Awassi x Assaf crosses to 0.16 in Awassi. Estimates for LS and NLBA varied similarly. The heritability for LI was 0.03 in Awassi and zero in other breeds and crosses. The findings suggest that in the northern West Bank regions of Nablus and Jenin, Assaf or Awassi x Assaf breeds are preferable. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive performance and pedigree recording for effective sheep farm management.
Team members:
Muayad Salman, Samia Khnissi, Ikram Ben Souf, Jihad Abdallah, Wael Halaweh, Hasan Meydan, Faisal S. Rashaydeh & Naceur M’Hamdi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Understanding metastatic involvement of the conus medullaris: a systematic review of clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and patient outcomes
Abstract
Introduction: Metastasis to the conus medullaris (CM) is a rare but devastating condition. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment options, and outcomes of patients with CM metastasis. By synthesizing the available evidence, this study seeks to improve our understanding of this condition and inform clinical practice.
Materials and methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines analyzed literature on CM metastasis from 1997 to January 2024. Human studies in English were included, focusing on primary research articles. Screening criteria ensured a homogeneous study population, with data analyzed using SPSS 26 and assessed for quality using the JBI checklist.
Results: The study analyzed 88 patients with conus medullaris metastasis. Common symptoms included back pain (49.3%), sensory impairment (75%), and bladder dysfunction (60.3%). MRI was the primary diagnostic tool, revealing lesions above L1 (37%) or between L1 and L2 (29%). Treatment involved surgery with laminectomy, and combined therapy (surgery plus radiotherapy) in 81.3%. Postoperative outcomes showed improved motor function in 59.6% of patients, while combined therapy yielded better sensory and bowel/bladder function recovery. Median survival was 100 days.
Conclusion: Metastasis to the conus medullaris is rare but significant. Surgical resection can improve motor function, while combined therapy (surgery plus radiotherapy) is effective in improving sensory manifestations and bowel/bladder functions. Despite these treatments, the median survival remains around 100 days, which is shorter compared to other types of intramedullary spinal cord metastases.
Team members:
Amr Badary, Ahmed Kertam, Toka Aziz El-Ramly, Noura E. Abomera, Esraa Y. Salama, Sondous Abdelaal, Fatma Monib, Alan Hernández-Hernández, Vivik Sanker, Oday Atallah, Wahab Moustafa, Jörg Silbermann & Mohammad
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Farmers' perceptions of climate variability and its adverse impacts on crop and livestock production in Ethiopia
Abstract
This article explores farmers' perceptions of the manifestations of global change as a whole and of climate variability in particular, and its effects on the agricultural production in selected highland areas of Ethiopia. Primary data was collected using group and individual interviews, complemented by observations and a survey. The study shows that more that eighty percent of farmers felt the various manifestations and effects of climate variability. The study reveals that sex, age, income and educational level are determinant factors of farmers' perceptions on the manifestations and effects of climate variability on crop and livestock production. Farmers' perceptions of change in temperature are cognate with meteorological data analysis. However, their perceptions were found to be in disagreement with meteorological rainfall trends. This research concludes by suggesting realistic and achievable recommendations to enhance the adaptive capacity of farmers to climate extremes and the existing and future physical, biological and epidemiological challenges on crop and livestock production, so that shortfalls on farmers adaptive capacity can be addressed.
Team members:
Desalegn Yayeh Ayal , Walter Leal Filho
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of rural and suburban areas about brucellosis in Central Bosnia
Abstract
Introduction:
Brucellosis is a zoonosis classified as one of the most important neglected zoonoses in the world, especially in low and middle-income countries with livestock farming represented. In recent years, an increased incidence of brucellosis has been reported in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in the Central Bosnia Canton (CBC) region. In the CBC region, the first case of the disease was registered at the end of 2002 in the municipality of Novi Travnik. In the period 2003-2012, 539 cases in humans and 7508 infected animals were registered. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the risk of brucellosis in the population living in rural and suburban areas because human behavior plays a significant role in the spread of brucellosis.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in selected rural and suburban areas of the CBC in the period from October 2023 to January 2024. In this study, 117 respondents participated with 60 respondents (51.3%) from rural areas and 57 (48.7%) from suburban areas.
Results: The respondents from rural areas showed better knowledge with an average score of 69.86 ± 11.99% than the respondents from suburban areas with an average score of 59.21 ± 11.86 (p < 0.0001). Looking at the average scores of the attitudes of the same regions, it can be seen that the respondents from the suburban region have a better attitude with 55.56 ± 23.64% (p < 0.0001) than the respondents from the rural region. In practice, the suburban region scored better with an average of 50.50 ± 18.65% than the rural region with 37.08 ± 15.02% (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: The One Health approach, which involves collaboration between veterinary and public health professionals, is the key to successful brucellosis control.
Team members:
Sabina Šečić-Selimović, Emsel Papić, Aida Katica, Mohammad Abou El Ardat, Zarema Obradović
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Characterization of epicardial adipose tissue thickness and structure by ultrasound radiomics in acute and chronic coronary patients
Abstract
Introduction:
We hypothesize that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) structure differs between patients with coronary disease and healthy individuals and that EAT may undergo changes during an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate EAT thickness (EATt) and structure using ultrasound radiomics in patients with ACS, patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), and controls and compare the findings between the three groups. This prospective monocentric comparative cohort study included three patient groups: ACS, CCS, and asymptomatic controls. EATt was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. Geometrical features (as mean gray value and raw integrated density) and texture features (as angular second moment, contrast and correlation) were computed from grayscale Tagged Image File Format biplane images using ImageJ software. EATt did not significantly differ between the ACS group (8.14 ± 3.17 mm) and the control group (6.92 ± 2.50 mm), whereas CCS patients (9.96 ± 3.19 mm) had significantly thicker EAT compared to both the ACS group (p = 0.025) and the control group (p < 0.001). Radiomics analysis revealed differences in geometrical parameters with discriminatory capabilities between both ACS group and controls and CCS group and controls. A multivariate analysis comparing ACS and CCS patients revealed that differences in EAT characteristics were significant only in patients with a body mass index below 26.25 kg/m². In this subgroup, patients older than 68 exhibited a higher modal gray value (p = 0.016), whereas those younger than 68 had a lower minimum gray value (p = 0.05). Radiomic analysis highlights its potential in developing imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and coronary artery disease progression monitoring.
Team members:
Abbassi Manel, Bouthaina Besbes, Noomene Elkadri, Salmen Hachicha, Selim Boudiche, Foued Daly, Manel Ben Halima, Zeynab Jebberi, Sana Ouali & Fathia Mghaieth
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Predictive identification and design of potent inhibitors targeting resistance-inducing candidate genes from E. coli whole-genome sequences
Abstract
Introduction: This work utilizes predictive modeling in drug discovery to unravel potential candidate genes from Escherichia coli that are implicated in antimicrobial resistance; we subsequently target the gidB, MacB, and KatG genes with some compounds from plants with reported antibacterial potentials.
Method: The resistance genes and plasmids were identified from 10 whole-genome sequence datasets of E. coli; forty two plant compounds were selected, and their 3D structures were retrieved and optimized for docking. The 3D crystal structures of KatG, MacB, and gidB were retrieved and prepared for molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and ADMET profiling.
Result: Hesperidin showed the least binding energy (kcal/mol) against KatG (−9.3), MacB (−10.7), and gidB (−6.7); additionally, good pharmacokinetic profiles and structure–dynamics integrity with their respective protein complexes were observed.
Conclusion: Although these findings suggest hesperidin as a potential inhibitor against MacB, gidB, and KatG in E. coli, further validations through in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed. This research is expected to provide an alternative avenue for addressing existing antimicrobial resistances associated with E. coli’s MacB, gidB, and KatG.Introduction:
Team members:
Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Neeraj Kumar, Christopher Busayo Olowosoke, Tope Abraham Ibisanmi, Islamiyyah Ayoade, Haruna Isiyaku Umar, Abdullahi Temitope Jamiu, Basit Bolarinwa, Zainab Olapade, Abidemi Ruth Idowu, Ibrahim O. Adelakun, Isreal Ayobami Onifade, Benjamin Akangbe, Modesta Abacheng, Odion O. Ikhimiukor, Aeshah A. Awaji; Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
The Biomolecular Basis of Gut Microbiome on Neurological Diseases
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors many microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and bacteria. Altogether, these microbes constitute what we know as the gut microbiome (GM). These commensal communities have important implications for human health. They influence physiological processes through different mechanisms, including synthesizing neurotransmitters, regulating enzymatic pathways, and releasing molecules responsible for different signal pathways. The interaction between GM and brain function has been associated with the development and pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. This review discusses current studies targeting the regulation and modulation of GM in nerve, neuroendocrine, and immune pathways. Thus, we analyze current evidence on transcription, changes in composition, and specific interactions between the gut and brain from a biomolecular perspective. Special attention is paid to mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
Team members:
Roberto Anaya-Prado, Ana P. Cárdenas-Fregoso, Ana M. Reyes-Perez, Danielle M. Ortiz-Hernandez, Montserrat Quijano-Ortiz, Monica V. Delgado-Martinez, Ana S. Pelayo-Romo, Roberto Anaya-Fernández, Michelle M. Anaya-Fernández, Consuelo C. Azcona-Ramírez, Ivan F. Garcia-Ramirez, Miguel A. Guerrero-Palomera, Daniel Gonzalez-Martinez, Citlalli S. Guerrero-Palomera, Karina Paredes-Paredes, Claudia Garcia-Perez
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme