Teams Published Preprint
ReachSci Mini-PhD graduates have published their research as preprint.
ReachSci Mini-PhD is a very intensive programme that teaches students research skills from A to Z practically.
See below some of the preprint highlights.
Publication title
Open source electronic system with OLED screen monitoring of plant based batteries
Abstract
The development of an open-source electronic system equipped with an OLED screen for monitoring plant-based batteries represents a significant advancement in sustainable and eco-friendly energy solutions. This innovative system allows for the efficient harnessing of energy produced by living plants through a bioelectrochemical process. Plant-based batteries, often referred to as "vegetable batteries"; leverage the natural metabolic processes of plants to generate electricity, in this study menta piperita will be used with the plant-based batteries, these have gained attention for their potential in various applications, including environmental monitoring, remote sensing, and low-power electronics. The open-source nature of this electronic system means that its design and code are freely accessible and modifiable by the public, fostering collaboration and innovation within the scientific and maker communities. The OLED screen provides real-time data visualization, allowing users to monitor the performance of plant-based batteries accurately. By combining open-source principles, OLED screen technology, and plant-based batteries, this project aligns with the growing interest in sustainable energy sources and Do It Yourself (DIY) electronics. It not only offers an eco-friendly power solution but also promotes knowledge sharing and experimentation in the field of renewable energy. This development opens doors to potential applications in off-grid power generation, environmental research, and educational initiatives, contributing to a more sustainable and interconnected world. Additionally, the system's efficiency in extracting energy from plant-based sources is improved by the integration of sophisticated algorithms for real-time data analysis, opening the door to maximized energy output and extended battery life. This project's interdisciplinary approach, which combines electronics, biology, and sustainable energy, highlights its potential to completely change how we view and use renewable resources in everyday technologies.
Team members:
Ricardo Medellín, Ana Saemy Chong Lujan, Kamaraj Sathish kumar, Marco A Merino Treviño, Lulu H Alsheikh Hussein
Programme:
ReachSci Mini PhD Programme
Publication title
An indoor environmental air quality assessment of university workspaces in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Abstract
This study investigated the indoor environmental air quality in various spaces within a university in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Indoor environmental air quality has a significance on human health, environment, and sustainability. Assessing offices, classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and cafeterias, the study evaluates physical factors such as noise, thermal comfort (humidity and dry temperature), and illuminance, chemical components including indoor gases and particulate matter, and biological pollutants like bacteria and fungus. Recorded findings exhibit that while most pollutants averages remain within the recommended thresholds, certain outliers exceed these limits in particular settings. The relative humidity, dry temperature, noise, and light were found to be 60.7%, 21.6°C, 57.5dB, and 440 lux, respectively. Meanwhile, the average concentration of PM2.5, PM10, CO, and CO 2 were 1223 ppm, 104 ppm, 1 ppm, and 623 ppm, respectively. Bacteria and fungal growth were found to be insignificant in most workplaces. Recommended corrective measure may include the reduction, mitigation, and isolation of certain activities and machinery, maintenance of the effectiveness of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems, and sufficient building insulation to avoid adverse health impacts. Future research could be extended to explore the overall indoor environmental air quality and occupants' satisfaction across various indoor settings. Findings may assist in establishing robust national standards that shape and improve indoor environmental air quality in indoor workplaces and fill existing gaps in this area of research.
Team members:
Sara Darras, Rami Elhadi, Maha Abu Mahfoud, Lucy Semerjian, Khaled M. Abass, Nada A A Jaradat
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
HEAT STRESS MANAGING IN AFRICAN POULTRY PRODUCTION: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS -A REVIEW
Abstract
Poultry production plays a crucial role in providing income and nutrition for rural populations in Africa, with approximately 80% of poultry managed by smallholder farmers. Despite its significance, poultry farming in Africa faces several challenges, including heat stress, which has a detrimental effect on productivity, particularly in regions with extreme temperatures. This review analyzes the impact of heat stress on poultry production in Africa, highlighting physiological effects, production losses, and regional challenges. Additionally, it explores current management strategies, including housing design, nutrition, water management, and technological innovations such as cooling systems and breeding for heat resilience. Case studies from African countries illustrate the adaptation measures farmers are taking to mitigate heat stress. However, smallholder farmers face barriers such as high start-up costs, knowledge gaps, and limited access to finance, hindering the widespread adoption of effective heat management solutions. The review concludes with recommendations for improving heat stress management, including subsidies, the promotion of climate-resilient breeds, and investment in affordable cooling technologies, aiming to enhance poultry production and food security across the continent.
Team members:
Musa K Jallow, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Philips Ademola Adewuyi, Csaba Szabo
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Enhance The Building's Energy Efficiency by Using Phase Change Materials, Acrylic paint, And Solar Shading
Abstract
The increasing global population has led to a significant rise in electricity demand. Fossil fuel power generation is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. This challenge highlights the significance of conserving energy and implementing effective thermal insulation systems, particularly in regions with extreme temperatures like the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Using ANSYS FLUENT software, this study compares three roof insulation strategies: acrylic-painted surfaces, phase change materials (PCM) embedded in roof layers, and a combined PCM-acrylic paint system. These are compared to a standard roof and a roof with solar panels. The results showed that solar panel shading has lowered heat flow by 92.69%, while the acrylic-painted roof, PCM, and combination systems reduced heat flow by 56.7%, 73.65%, and 84.12% compared to the standard roof. In addition, solar panels produced 23.2 kWh of electricity throughout this time. The combined PCM-acrylic paint system was demonstrated to be 15% more efficient than PCM alone, indicating its potential to enhance energy efficiency in residential structures.
Team members:
Mohammed Alamin Talib Mahdi, Mousa Nader Mahdi, Humam Muter, Sajjad Shafi Amar Abdul-Zahra, Hussaen A H Kahachi
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Optimization and Application of developed Green Nanocomposite Materials for Effective Grey Water Purification
Abstract
The increasing global population has led to a significant rise in electricity demand. Fossil fuel power generation is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. This challenge highlights the significance of conserving energy and implementing effective thermal insulation systems, particularly in regions with extreme temperatures like the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Using ANSYS FLUENT software, this study compares three roof insulation strategies: acrylic-painted surfaces, phase change materials (PCM) embedded in roof layers, and a combined PCM-acrylic paint system. These are compared to a standard roof and a roof with solar panels. The results showed that solar panel shading has lowered heat flow by 92.69%, while the acrylic-painted roof, PCM, and combination systems reduced heat flow by 56.7%, 73.65%, and 84.12% compared to the standard roof. In addition, solar panels produced 23.2 kWh of electricity throughout this time. The combined PCM-acrylic paint system was demonstrated to be 15% more efficient than PCM alone, indicating its potential to enhance energy efficiency in residential structures.
Team members:
Taisir K. Abbas, Rajaa Hussein Abed, Yahya Ibraheem ,Yonuis M Saleem, Hussaen A H Kahachi, Olaitan comfort Shekoni, Mika Sillanpää, Qusay Alsalhy
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
A Computational Modelling Study of Phytoconstituents of Curcuma longa Rhizome with IGF-1R Protein in Ovarian Cancer
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cance,r is a huge concern due to its high mortality rate and resis,tance tothe conventional therapies. Recent studies have focused on the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a therapeutic tphytochemicalsits ron the prolifa eration of cancer cells. Phytoco tituents from Curcuma longa ar known for their anti-cancer propertisignallingg them potential candidates for ovarian cancer treatment. This computational study aims to evaluate the molecular docking and pharmacokinetic profiles of ,phytochemicals in Curcuma longa against IGF-1R to explore their potential to inhicer ,progression.
Results: Molecular docking analysis showed that digalloyl-hexoside had the highest binding affinity with IGF-1R, with a docking score of -8.849 kcal/mol. Hyperoside and valoneic acid dilactone followed closely, showing strong interactions as well. All three compounds exhibited six hydrogen bonds with key residues like ASP 1056 and LYS 1003, contributing to their strong binding potential. Caffeic acid showed the lowest affinity with a docking score of -7.985 kcal/mol. ADMET analysis reveal ed that caffeic acid had the highest gastrointestinal absorption and skin permeability, adhering to Lipinski’s rule of five. In contrast, digalloyl-hexoside, hyperoside, and valoneic acid dilactone had lower bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption but exhibited acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
Conclusion: Digalloyl-hexoside exhibited the highest binding affinity, followed by hyperoside and valoneic acid dilactone, though all compounds had lower docking scores than the reference ligand. ADMET analysis revealed that while caffeic acid had the highest absorption, the other compounds showed better overall pharmacokinetic profiles. However, low gastrointestinal absorption limits their bioavailability. Further research, including structural modifications and additional validation, is recommended.
Team members:
Olajumoke Bisola Oladapo, Worship Agbonifo, Anthony Godswill Imolele, Oyindamola Adebesin, Stella Osho, Oluwaseyi Agboola, Gabriel Enafe, Nadia Ibrahim Badaro, Festus Oladayo Ogungbemiro, Adebayo Bello, Joy Okpuzor
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Effect of different estrous synchronization protocols in Artificial insemination efficiency in Dhawi goat
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cance,r is a huge concern due to its high mortality rate and resis,tance tothe conventional therapies. Recent studies have focused on the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) as a therapeutic tphytochemicalsits ron the prolifa eration of cancer cells. Phytoco tituents from Curcuma longa ar known for their anti-cancer propertisignallingg them potential candidates for ovarian cancer treatment. This computational study aims to evaluate the molecular docking and pharmacokinetic profiles of ,phytochemicals in Curcuma longa against IGF-1R to explore their potential to inhicer ,progression.
Results: Molecular docking analysis showed that digalloyl-hexoside had the highest binding affinity with IGF-1R, with a docking score of -8.849 kcal/mol. Hyperoside and valoneic acid dilactone followed closely, showing strong interactions as well. All three compounds exhibited six hydrogen bonds with key residues like ASP 1056 and LYS 1003, contributing to their strong binding potential. Caffeic acid showed the lowest affinity with a docking score of -7.985 kcal/mol. ADMET analysis reveal ed that caffeic acid had the highest gastrointestinal absorption and skin permeability, adhering to Lipinski’s rule of five. In contrast, digalloyl-hexoside, hyperoside, and valoneic acid dilactone had lower bioavailability and gastrointestinal absorption but exhibited acceptable pharmacokinetic properties.
Conclusion: Digalloyl-hexoside exhibited the highest binding affinity, followed by hyperoside and valoneic acid dilactone, though all compounds had lower docking scores than the reference ligand. ADMET analysis revealed that while caffeic acid had the highest absorption, the other compounds showed better overall pharmacokinetic profiles. However, low gastrointestinal absorption limits their bioavailability. Further research, including structural modifications and additional validation, is recommended.
Team members:
Maha Al-Jbour, Ebrahem Abo Baider, Jomana Fawzi Hijazi, Leqaa Jasser Al-Harbeed, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
REVISITING TUBERCULOSIS (TB) DIAGNOSIS: THE PROSPECT OF URINE LIPOARABINOMANNAN (LAM) ASSAY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB), since its discovery has become a global health burden, continuously spreading across the nations of the earth with increased mortality. Its effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progression and immune cell deterioration cannot be overlooked. The widespread use of traditional and molecular TB diagnostic methods has been hindered by several factors. Nonetheless, the development of a rapid, sensitive, timely, non-invasive diagnostic protocol could revolutionize the diagnostic era and halt the spread of this infectious agent. It could also help in the early diagnosis of the infection in poorly developed areas. The detection efficacy of urine lipoarabinomannan assay as a prospect in tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive patients was assessed in this study. Urine samples were collected into a wide- mouthed universal container from HIV-positive patients with signs and symptom of tuberculosis and HIV advanced disease. Alere Determine urine lateral flow - LAM test was used for the detection of LAM antigen in urine samples of HIV-positive patients. The CD4 count of the HIV- positive patients was also documented.
Results: A total of 85 HIV-positive subjects were included in the analysis based on the inclusion criteria. Urinary LAM was reactive in 29 (34.1%) of 85 HIV-positive patients and non-reactive in 56 (69.1%). The majority of the participants had a CD4+ count < 200 cells/µL 60 (70.6%) while others had CD4+ count ≥ to 200 cells/µL 25 (29.4%). There was no statistically significant difference between CD4 count and LAM positivity. Most of the affected age groups in the study were 31-45 years, and females had preponderance in comparison to male subjects.
Conclusions: The use of urinary LAM in HIV-positive patients is a helpful tool for TB screening. It also has a promising ability for early TB diagnosis in the study group and other TB-associated disease conditions in resource-deprived settings. For the general populace, further research is required to certify its sensitivity and specificity.
Team members:
Ayodele Isaac Adedokun, View ORCID ProfileGaius Bala, Nafisa M.K. Elehamer, View ORCID ProfileRaphael Yohanna, Boluwatife Deborah Oyelabi, View ORCID ProfileSamuel Eniola Gana
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Adaptation of Sandfish Lizards (Scincus Scincus) in the southeast of Algeria
Abstract
The Oued Souf region, located in southeastern Algeria, is characterized by an extreme desert environment with hot temperatures, scarce vegetation, and shifting sand dunes. Despite these harsh conditions, the Sandfish lizard (Scincus scincus), a species indigenous to North African deserts, exhibits remarkable adaptations that enable it to thrive in such an arid and challenging habitat. This study explores the behavioral, physiological, and morphological adaptations of Scincus scincus in the Oued Souf region. One of the key adaptive traits of the Sandfish lizard is its ability to "swim" through sand, utilizing its streamlined body and specialized limbs to avoid predators and search for food. Its smooth scales reduce friction, allowing for swift movement through the sand, while its nasal valves prevent the inhalation of sand particles, ensuring efficient respiration in its environment. Additionally, the lizard's burrowing behavior helps it escape extreme surface temperatures during the hottest parts of the day. Physiologically, the Scincus scincus exhibits a remarkable capacity for water retention, minimizing water loss in a region where water is scarce. The lizard's diet, primarily consisting of small insects and arthropods, provides sufficient moisture to meet its hydration needs. This dietary adaptation further enhances its survival in the hyper-arid environment of Oued Souf. Through the analysis of these adaptations, this research highlights the species' evolutionary responses to the extreme desert conditions. The study also emphasizes the importance of understanding desert ecosystems and the unique fauna that inhabit them, providing insights into how organisms can adapt to some of the most inhospitable environments on Earth.
Team members:
Aicha Mouane, Smail Djerou, Manel Khatra, Hanane Zeghdi, Fouad Assas, Hayat Laoufi, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Characterization of Epicardial Adipose Tissue thickness and structure by ultrasound radiomics in acute and chronic coronary patients
Abstract
Abstract Purpose: We hypothesize that the structure of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) differs between patients with coronary disease and healthy individuals and that EAT may undergo acute changes during an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to analyze and compare EAT thickness (EATt) and structure using ultrasound radiomics in patients with ACS and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) compared to healthy subjects. Methods: This prospective monocentric comparative cohort study included three patient groups: ACS, CCS, and asymptomatic controls. EATt was assessed in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Geometrical features (as mean gray value and raw integrated density) and texture features (angular second moment, contrast, correlation, homogeneity, entropy) were computed from grayscale Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) biplane images using ImageJ software. Results: EATt did not significantly differ between ACS (8.14±3.17 mm) and controls (6.92±2.50 mm) (p=0.11), whereas CCS (9.96±3.19 mm) patients had thicker EAT compared to both ACS (p=0.025) and controls (p<0.001). Radiomics analysis revealed differences in geometrical parameters with discriminatory capabilities between ACS and controls, as well as between CCS and controls. A multivariate analysis comparing ACS patients to CCS patients revealed that differences in EAT tissue characteristics were significant only in patients with a BMI below 26.25 kg/m². In this subgroup, those older than 68 years exhibited a higher modal gray value (p=0.016), while those younger than 68 years had a significantly lower minimum gray value (p=0.05). Conclusion: Radiomic analysis highlights its potential in developing imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of coronary artery disease progression.
Team members:
Abbassi Manel, Bouthaina Besbes, hachicha salmen, Selim Boudiche, Ben Halima Manel, Jebberi Zeynab, Sana Ouali, Fathia Mghaieth
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Nutritional Profile and Medicinal Properties of Camel Milk
Abstract
Camel milk (CaM) is not only considered as a food with high nutritive values but also a food with therapeutic functions that could be used to assist the patients with some of the diseases. These include the presence of peculiar antibodies that can penetrate into the cancerous tissues and the presence of insulin like molecules that could be used to treat diabetes, bioactive peptides that are produced from camel milk protein having antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-hypertensive activity. Bovine's milk allergy is by far the most prevalent food allergy especially in children because of the presence of β-lactoglobulins. CaM lacks this protein and is enriched with α-lactalbumin such as human milk. CaM is very rich source of protein along with potential anti-microbial and protective activity while the fat present in the camel milk doesn't forms a layer so it is evenly distributed throughout the milk in the form of small globules when kept undisturbed which make its digestion easier. It contains higher concentration of long chain fatty acids (C 14-C 18) than the short chain fatty acids, so it is healthier. CaM has unique property to inhibit the growth of certain microorganisms because it contains protective proteins and enzymes with special antibacterial and antiviral properties such as lactoferrin, peptidoglycan protein (PGRP) and lacto-peroxidase. It contains insulin so used to treat the Diabetes mellitus. The amount of insulin (42μU/ml) is not so much higher than in cow's milk but this insulin is protective that is not destroyed in the stomach and passes to the intestine causing reduction in the blood sugar level. Camel immunoglobulin's have no short chains and small so are active against antigens. The camel's immunoglobulin's pass into the milk and so are available for combating autoimmune diseases. CaM can protect gastric mucosa against ulcers. It can be used in the treatment of tuberculosis as well. It has a handsome amount of lactose percentage which is tolerant to the human beings so don't cause lactose allergy in the people. CaM is considered very special in this regard having SNF and total solids almost very near to cattle milk but considered healthier than cattle milk.
Team members:
Asim Faraz, Faizan Saleem, Asma Akram, Muhammad Arslan Akbar, Chanda Liaqat, Nasir Ali Tauqir, Amna Arshad, Rubab Aslam, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche
Programme:
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Utilizing Advanced Sustainable Glass to Enhance Thermal and Visual Comfort in Patient Room
Abstract
This research explores the use of advanced sustainable glass (ASG) to enhance thermal and visual comfort in healthcare settings, particularly in patient rooms within hospitals located in hot and arid climates like Iraq and the Arabian Gulf. The study evaluates two glass configurations: Iplus Low-E glass and Sunlux Chroma Solar Control glass-the latter incorporating photochromic material for dynamic light and heat control. Through simulations using Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, and Ladybug tools, thermal comfort (PMV) and visual comfort (UDI) were assessed under summer, winter, and annual conditions. Findings demonstrate that integrating photochromic glass significantly improves indoor comfort by reducing glare, controlling UV exposure, and optimizing energy efficiency, with reduced cooling needs. Additionally, the glass systems reduce the environmental footprint by lowering energy consumption. This study highlights the potential of smart, sustainable glass technologies to promote faster patient recovery by creating comfortable healing environments. The research concludes with recommendations for advancing glass manufacturing techniques and developing energy-efficient, durable glazing materials for sustainable healthcare infrastructure.
Team members:
Eng.Tabarak Abdul Kareem, Bareq Alfahad, Tabarak Fadhel, Muqtada Ahmed, Younis Mahmood, Yahya Ibraheem, Hussaen A H Kahachi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Behavioral ecology of the endemic gundi (Ctenodactylus gundi) in North Africa: Responses to anthropogenic disturbances
Abstract
This study focused on the Atlas gundi in the Matmata mountains of Tunisia and aims to evaluate the impact of human disturbances on its behavior and habitat preferences by comparing its use of natural and artificial habitats. We examined how these changes influence activity patterns and habitat selection, with an emphasis on the effects of human disturbances. Field investigations were conducted from May 2023 to August 2024 at two distinct sites: a natural, undisturbed (wild) site and an artificial site influenced by urbanization. We studied the activity period of the gundi during the day, as well as various behavioral aspects. Our results reveal that gundi activity is influenced by temperature, season, and habitat. Regarding behavioral aspects, we found that gundis in the natural area are more vigilant than those in the artificial area. These findings are essential for the conservation of arid ecosystems threatened by climate change and habitat loss. A better understanding of gundi behavior will contribute to wildlife management and the development of conservation strategies, as the survival of this species is crucial for biodiversity and ecosystem health.
Team members:
Abir Zayed, Marouane Louhichi, Yamna Karssene, Olfa Hmidi Tabel, Mohsen Jarray, Ali Zaidi, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Mohsen Chammem
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN GONADS OF SUBORDINATE MALE AND FEMALE NAKED MOLE RATS (HETEROCEPHALUS GLABER) FOLLOWING ISOLATION FROM NATAL COLONY
Abstract
No Abstract available
Team members:
Amos ONYANSI Makori, Albert Nyongesa, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Antoni Dalmau Bueno, Rael Masai
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Navigating the Transition: Tunisian Educators' Insights on English as a Medium of Instruction
Abstract
Abstract: This study aims to examine Tunisian educators' perceptions of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in higher education. Given that French is the dominant language in the Tunisian educational system, learning English appears to be challenging for both students and lecturers. Previous research has focused on students' perspectives and highlighted the issue of proficiency as a major obstacle to the implementation of EMI. This study specifically targets content subject lecturers at the University of Sfax, utilising an open-ended questionnaire to explore their attitudes toward the implications of EMI and its potential impact on the teaching and learning process. The findings indicate that Tunisian lecturers recognize the benefits of integrating EMI in higher education, but express hesitancy due to their limited proficiency in English. The study recommends specific strategies, such as implementing professional programs to enhance English language proficiency and EMI teaching techniques, as well as developing EMI-specific curriculum materials.
Team members:
Intissar Hrichi, Ameni Triki, Nour Abdmouleh, Samar Hamdi, Hana Triqui, Mostafa Garoui, Wafi Ksibi, Fatma Benelhadj, Samantha Curle, Dogan Yuksel, Lahoucine Boumahdy, Sanaa Said Belarbi, Hana Syarifah
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Self-Regulated Language Learning Strategies of Turkish English Medium Instruction Students: A Mixed-Methods Study
Abstract
This mixed-methods study explores self-regulated language learning strategies among students at a Turkish state university enrolled in English Medium Instruction (EMI) courses. It examines how these strategies vary across different language proficiency levels and academic divisions, specifically focusing on Social Sciences (n=22) and Engineering students (n=20). Using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, the study identifies prevalent strategies and the underlying reasons for their use. The quantitative analysis provides descriptive statistics on strategy usage, while the qualitative interviews offer deeper insights into students' perspectives and motivations. The findings reveal significant variations in strategy use based on language proficiency but less variation across academic divisions. This research contributes to the understanding of self-regulated learning in EMI contexts, offering implications for curriculum design and instructional strategies to better support student learning and adaptation in multilingual educational settings. Implications for pedagogy are given.
Team members:
Ali Deniz, Esma I. Samur, Rıdvan Yanılmaz, Sema Aleyna Boz, Mehmet Altay, Dogan Yuksel, Lahoucine Boumahdy, Samantha Curle, Meryem Ouelfatmi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Final Report of The level of linguistic competence required for EAP education of students studying at the Department of English Language Education.docx
Abstract
In Turkey, many higher education institutions offer programs where English is either partially or entirely used as medium of instruction (Yüksel et al., 2022). To ensure students in such programs reach the required proficiency level in English, nearly every university mandates a preparatory year of English education (Macaro et al., 2016). Additionally, students who take their core courses in English after completing the preparatory year are required to attend compulsory professional English courses during their first two semesters. Currently, 23 of the 53 state universities in Turkey have English-medium instruction (EMI) programs. However, there is no prerequisite for instructors teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) to have a minimum level of expertise in the field (Coşkun, 2013). Furthermore, the curricula of English language teacher education programs in education faculties do not include dedicated courses on professional English; instead, this content is often covered as subtopics in other courses. As a result, the linguistic competence of teacher candidates studying in the English Language Education Departments, particularly in relation to academic English used in various disciplines, is open to debate. The primary aim of this study is to examine the linguistic competence levels required for EAP instruction among students majoring in English Language Education. Additionally, given that many English teacher candidates aspire to work in higher education institutions, it is crucial to investigate whether they plan any professional development in the field of EAP. This study will employ a mixed-method case study approach, gathering both quantitative and qualitative data from English teacher candidates. The results of the study aim to serve as a reference for improving the awareness and competence of students in the English Language Education Departments in the field of EAP. As a result of globalization, English has evolved beyond being a mere foreign language and has taken on a crucial role as a medium of instruction worldwide (Galloway, 2017). In Turkey, too, many higher education institutions use English as the medium of instruction, either partially or entirely (Yüksel et al., 2022). To equip students in these programs with the necessary English proficiency, almost all universities require a mandatory preparatory year (Macaro et al., 2016). Furthermore, students taking courses in their faculties in English after this preparatory year must complete compulsory professional English courses during their first two semesters (Altay & Yüksel, 2022). Among the 53 state universities in Turkey, 23 offer programs in which English is the medium of instruction (EMI) (Coşkun, 2013). However, instructors teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) are not required to have a minimum level of expertise in the subject matter. Additionally, English teacher education programs in education faculties do not include a direct focus on vocational English; rather, relevant content is addressed as subtopics within other courses. This situation raises questions regarding the linguistic competence of teacher candidates studying in the English Language Education Departments, particularly concerning the academic English required for teaching different disciplines. The aim of this research is to investigate the awareness levels of English Language Education students regarding EAP instruction and to provide insights for future practices aimed at enhancing their competence in this area. The research is guided by the following questions: 1. What are the linguistic competence levels required for EAP instruction among students studying in the English Language Education Department? 2. How do teacher candidates perceive the fact that instructors teaching EAP are not required to have subject-specific expertise? 3. Does participating in a teacher development program focused on EAP play a role in the career planning of teacher candidates?
Team members:
Mehmet Altay Raperin Epözdemir
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Assessing the role of vegetation in shaping the distribution and population density of the sand rat "Psammomys obesus" in Tunisia
Abstract
Acknowledging that environmental factors and human activities shape wildlife patterns, we focus specifically on how plant density, species richness, and vegetation cover affect the occurrence and the population density of Psammomys obesus (sand rat) in the arid regions of Tunisia. Fieldwork was conducted from January to July 2024, surveying 105 sites to assess species richness and plant density. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to analyze the influence of specific plant families on P. obesus. Additionally, we assessed spatial autocorrelation using Moran's I index to determine the distribution patterns of this rodent and related explanatory variables. We are currently analyzing preliminary results to validate our hypotheses. We propose that the presence and abundance of P. obesus are significantly influenced by key vegetation factors such as plant density, species richness within plant families, and overall vegetation cover. Our expectation is that areas with denser, more diverse vegetation will support higher population densities, driven by the combined benefits of increased food availability and enhanced protection from predators. Ultimately, this research aims to improve understanding of ecological dynamics in arid habitats and to inform biodiversity management strategies for P. obesus and its associated plant communities.
Team members:
Olfa Tabel Hmidi, Yamna Karssene, Marouane Louhichi, Abir Zaid, Mohsen Jarray, Ali Zaidi, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Mohsen Chammem
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Investigating Cross-Linguistic Influences and Pronunciation Challenges in Algerian EFL Learners: The Roles of Arabic and French
Abstract
No abstract available
Team members:
Mostari hind amel, Bounouara Mokhtaria, Intissar Fortas, Yousra Benzaid, Nasrine Mokeddes, Zakia Mostari, Yazid Naimi, Samantha Curle, Dogan Yuksel, Lahoucine Boumahdy, Sanaa Maissoun Said Belarbi, Fatima Zahra Abbou
Publication title
Estimate of Genetic Parameters for Pre-Weaning Growth Traits and Kleiber Ratio in Palestinian Sheep Breeds
Abstract
Data on 1440 Awassi (AW), 2114 Assaf (AF), 261 Crossbred (XB), and 439 Improved Awassi (IA) lamb genotypes from 689 AW, 1009 AF, 105 XB, and 195 IA dams, and 152 sires, obtained from three geographical districts in the West Bank and collected between 2010 and 2015, were analyzed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters for pre-weaning growth traits, including birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), pre-weaning average daily gain (PADG), and Kleiber ratio (KR). Explanatory statistical analyses employed the least squares method of the following factors: lamb genotype, mating type (natural mating or artificial insemination), lamb sex, and birth type, on lamb pre-weaning growth traits. The estimation of genetic parameters was performed by an animal model in Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) The heritability estimates for lamb traits showed that AF lambs had the highest heritability for KR 0.62, while IA lambs had a relatively high heritability for PADG 0.42. In terms of genetic correlations, the correlation between birth weight and PADG was strongest in AW 0.80, and IA lambs had a negative genetic correlation between BW and WW −0.28. For maternal genetic correlations, AF lambs exhibited a high maternal correlation between BW and WW 0.78, and AW lambs had a strong maternal correlation between PADG and KR 0.57. Phenotypic correlations were particularly strong in XB lambs between BW and KR 0.79. It was concluded that IA lambs had higher BW, and AF lambs excelled in WW and PADG. These results indicated the potential for genetic improvement in feed efficiency among AF lambs, whereas AW lambs exhibited a stronger environmental influence on growth traits.
Team members:
Muayad Salman, Ikram Ben Souf, Samia Khnissi, Wael Halaweh, Naceur M’Hamdi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Climate-Smart Livestock Production
Abstract
No abstract available
Team members:
Josephine Mendy, Paul Gomez, Musa K, Philips Ademola Adewuyi, Musa Bah, Soundes Akriche, Maria, Sedat Yaffa
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Effects of climate change on the performance of Ndama cattle in The Gambia.
Abstract
No abstract available
Team members:
Paul Gomez, Musa K Jallow, Josephine Mendy, Philips Ademola Adewuyi, Musa Bah, Soundes Akriche, Maria Chikha, Yaffa Sidat
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Effects of Inbreeding on Phenotypic Traits in the Hispano-Arabian Horse
Abstract
Our study investigates the influence of genetic parameters related to inbreeding in the Hispano-Arabian horse, focusing on coat color patterns. A total of 11,010 horses born between 1900 and 2019 were analy-zed. Fourteen coat colors were studied: Chestnut/Sorrel, Black, Bay, Dun, Grey, Isabelline, Overo, Palomino, Cremello, Pearl, Piebald, Roan, Smokey Cream, and White. These coats were categorized into two groups: pure coats (Chestnut/ Sorrel, Bay and Black) and diluted coats (Dun, Grey, Isabelline, Cremello, Overo, Palomino, Pearl, Piebald, Roan, Smokey Cream, and White). Using Bayesian analysis, we determined that inbreeding levels are higher in pure coat colors compared to diluted ones. The highest average inbreeding value was found in the bay coat (4.5%), while the lowest values were observed in white and piebald coats (0%). These findings highlight the need for careful management of breeding programs to preserve genetic diversity and minimize inbreeding in the Hispano-Arabian horse.
Team members:
Marín Navas, Iglesias Pastrana, McLean, A.K, Delgado Bermejo, Chikha, M, Akriche, Posta, J, Szabó, C. Navas González, F.J.
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Investigating Heat Stress Effects on Malaria-Infected Rabbits
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the physiological effects of heat stress on malaria-induced rabbits, focusing on the biochemical, haematological, immune parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. The experimental design explored the interaction between environmental heat stress and malaria infection, with a particular emphasis on how treatments like chloroquine and Millettia oblata root extract mitigate these stressors. Malaria-infected and non-infected rabbits were exposed to heat stress, and the effectiveness of these treatments was evaluated. A total of 24 adult male NZW were divided into 9 groups (n=3); Control, MI/HS (Administered Chloroquine), MI/HS (Administered Millettia), MI/HS (Administered Normal Saline), MI (Administered Chloroquine), MI (Administered Millettia), MI (Administered Normal Saline) and HS (Administered Millettia). The study aimed to provide insights into the potential therapeutic role of Millettia oblata root extract and compared its efficacy with chloroquine under conditions of heat stress and malaria infection.
Team members:
Willy Nzulu KISOI, Albert Nyongesa, Maria Chikha, Mohamed-Cherif Messaadia, Soundes Akriche, Robert COLLIER
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Effect of Progressive weaning on Behavioural Traits, physiological response and growth performance in D'man lambs reared under Intensive farming conditions
Abstract
This study aimed to explore stress and the effect of progressive weaning on D'man lambs' growth in intensive farming conditions. 16 three-month-old lambs (8 males, 8 females) underwent two-stage weaning. During the first stage, lambs were separated from ewes during the day, and reunited at night; at the second stage, they were completely separated. Blood samples and weight measurements were taken before, during, and after weaning for stress response analysis. Video footage of the barn was collected for behavioural monitoring at 9 am, 6 pm and 2 am for two days pre-weaning, 2 days during the progressive phase and 2 days after weaning. Cortisol levels showed no significant variations during both stages and after weaning (P>0.05). however, a higher cortisol value (P<0.05) was exhibited before weaning could be attributed to age differences during the experiment. Lambs' weight increased significantly (P=0.002), but growth declined temporarily (P<0.0001), with ADG dropping from 121±27 g/day to-70±26 g/day post-first stage of weaning. It then rapidly increased (P<0.0001) to an ADG of 191±26 g/day from 25 to 32 days post-weaning. This weaning caused 4 out of 16 lambs to exhibit diarrhoea, considered a sign of stress-induced sickness. Cortisol, weight, and growth fluctuations suggest that progressive weaning may have temporarily impaired lambs' welfare.
Team members:
Eya Gherairi, Atigui Moufida, Marwa Brahmi, Chayma Chaouch Aoun, Mabrouk-Mouldi Seddik, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Antoni Dalmau Bueno, Mohamed Hammadi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
First ethogram for evaluating dairy camel behaviour during training period to machine milking
Abstract
Milking behaviour is considered one of the most important behavioural traits in dairy species. While there are numerous studies on milking behaviour in conventional dairy species, no such study has yet been published for camelids. However, camels' adaptation to mechanical milking procedures remains challenging and elicits a particularly unique and intense behavioural response. The successful habituation of camels to mechanical milking requires experienced handlers and a good understanding of the species' behaviour. Nevertheless, there are no specific guidelines for training dairy camels for mechanical milking. Thus, the aim of this paper is to draw the scientific committee's attention to the need for standardizing behavioural observations in order to contribute to the development of a specific ethogram for dairy camels during mechanical milking training. Eleven intensively managed dairy camels, aged between 5 and 19 years, in early lactation (95.5 ± 8.6 days) and with an average live weight of 429.1 ± 24.2 kg, were used in the study. They were housed in open wooden pens, with an average space of 25 m² per camel. The calves were housed in a separate enclosure next to their mothers and were only allowed to join them for 30 minutes after milking. Results showed that the development of the ethogram must follow three stages: observation, description, and organization into categories. The highest frequencies of stress behaviours were recorded at the beginning of the training period. As the camels gradually adapt to the milking machine, stress behaviours diminish, and well-being behaviours begin to appear. To conclude, the ethogram remains a fundamental tool for studying the behavioural responses of this species in intensive farming systems, aimed at better understanding and improving welfare conditions. However, it must always be integrated with other components of dairy camel farming to ensure better animal management.
Team members:
Marwa Brahmi, Atigui Moufida, L, MANCHETTI, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, L Hammadi
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Design and Optimization of Novel EGFR Inhibitors for NSCLC: A Computational Approach to Overcome Resistance Mechanisms
Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer, often associated with poor prognosis and resistance to treatment. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) remains a crucial target in therapy. Methods: An advanced computational workflow was used to identify and optimize EGFR inhibitors, integrating active site prediction (CB-Dock2), ligand generation (Lead3), virtual screening (AutoDock Vina), ADMET analysis (ADMETlab 2.0), and QSAR modeling. The QSAR model was validated to ensure predictive reliability. Results: Compound g18_mol18 demonstrated a binding affinity of -9.9 kcal/mol, significantly stronger than the standard compound (-7.381 kcal/mol) (p = 0.039). Interaction analysis showed that g18_mol18 formed multiple hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts with key residues. Despite its strong binding affinity, ADMET analysis highlighted challenges such as poor intestinal absorption (HIA: 0.005) and potential hepatotoxicity. However, its low hERG inhibition (0.302 vs. 0.923) indicates a lower risk of cardiotoxicity, suggesting a favorable cardiac safety profile. Conclusion: The study identifies g18_mol18 as a potent EGFR inhibitor with significantly higher binding affinity and more extensive interactions than current treatments. Although it presents pharmacokinetic challenges, these findings underline its potential as a more effective and safer alternative for NSCLC treatment, warranting further experimental validation and optimization for clinical applications. Such developments could lead to durable therapeutic responses, addressing key resistance issues seen with current EGFR inhibitors.
Team members:
Usama Fattouh, Ahmed G Soliman ,Mahmoud Hekal ,Lulu Alsheikh Hussein
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON MIGRATION BIRDS IN TURKEY
Abstract
Global warming and climate change are creating deep and multifaceted effects on our planet's ecosystems. Birds are one of the living groups where these effects are most clearly seen. Migratory birds, in particular, are an important biodiversity group that is exposed to the direct and indirect effects of climate change, threatening their life cycles, migration routes and populations.The main purpose of this study is to thoroughly investigate the effects of global warming and climate change on migratory birds in Turkey. It is very important to understand how migratory bird species are affected by factors such as climate change and habitat loss, and how these effects affect bird populations in Turkey. Precautions taken in advance will contribute to the protection of Turkey's natural heritage and help future bird generations live healthily. The results of this paper can provide critical information for the protection of birds' future habitats and the continuation of these species. Better understanding the effects of global warming and climate change on migratory birds is an important step in creating policies on this issue and protecting natural life.
Team members:
Oğuzhan Oğuz, Mine Kurt, Yavuz Gürbüz, Soundes Akriche, Maria Chikha, Desalegn Yayeh Ayal
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Examining the Impact of Preparatory Year Programmes on Student Success in English Medium Instruction
Abstract
Higher education institutions around the world are adopting English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) more frequently due to the expanding trends of globalisation and internationalisation, particularly in non-English speaking nations. The Preparatory Year Programs (PYP) offered by EMI universities in Turkey are the subject of the current study since they are intended to give students the English language proficiency they need to succeed academically in such programs. Even with these programs in place, many students continue to face challenges when they begin their EMI courses with knowledge of the language and subject matter understanding. Students are frequently forced to choose focusing on the content over focusing on their language proficiency as a result of this dual challenge, which can negatively impact their overall academic achievement. There is an academic lack on students' perceptions of these preparatory programs' efficacy, according to the literature currently in publication. Thus, the present study reports qualitative research that explored the effectiveness of preparatory year programs through the lens of EMI students by investigating their attitudes, perceptions and their recommendations to improve PYPs. The perceptions of EMI students from the faculty of sciences and the students who study in the field of social sciences were compared. Results were consistent and revealed that while the PYP was successful in helping them improve their general English, it was not enough to meet their needs for academic English. Also, the suggestions offered by the students themselves present a framework that emphasises discipline-specific modules, more use of interactive and useful language, the integration of technology and more to enhance PYPs.
Team members:
Mehmet Altay, Dogan Yuksel, Samantha Curle, Lahoucine Boumahdy, Sanaa Said Belearbi, Amira Benabdelkader, Buse Bingöl, Rabia Aybüke Akkaya, Raperin Epözdemir
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Intestinal parasitic infections associated with nutritional status and inflammatory markers among young children in Huye district, Rwanda
Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a public health issue affecting young children in low and middle income countries (LMICs). These factors may induce malnutrition, as well as systemic and/or intestinal inflammation, depending on the species, intensity of infection, and host response. This study aimed at determining the effect of intestinal parasites on nutritional status and inflammatory responses in pre- and school-aged children in rural areas of the southern province of Rwanda.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 127 children under 12 years of age was conducted at two health centers in Huye District, Southern Province, Rwanda, from January to February 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, feeding habits, anthropometric measurements, and information on infection/malnutrition risk factors. Stool samples were collected to test for intestinal parasites by using microscope, while serum was collected to measure (anti)inflammatory markers [interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), total protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP)].
Results: The overall prevalence of IPIs was 38.6%, with non-pathogenic Entamoeba coli being the most prevalent (21.3%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (18.1%), Entamoeba histolytica (11.8%), and Trichuris trichiura (1.6%). Coinfections accounted for 12.6% of the infections. Moreover, 48.0%, 25.2%, and 9.4% of the children were stunted, underweight, and stunted, respectively. Underweight, IL-10, and total protein levels were significantly associated with IPIs. Our findings also indicated that food supplements had a significant positive effect on stunting.
Conclusion: Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, and Trichuris trichiura were the predominant parasites. Intestinal parasitic infections in preschool children and schoolchildren affect the nutritional status, possibly through chronic inflammation. Further mechanistic investigations will shed more light on the regulation of the inflammatory response.
Team members:
Wellars Twahirwa, Xavier Nyandwi, Jean D’Amour Iradukunda, Jean Felix Muneza, Philbert Kanimba, Khadijat O. Adefaye, Noel Gahamanyi, Nadine Rujeni
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Melanoma: A Therapeutic Revolution Happening Before Our Eyes
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is among the most common cancers in the world. Although incidence has been increasing worldwide, most of the cases have been reported to occur in the European continent. Risk factors for the development of MM have been clearly recognized; yet, the accepted theory is that the risk of melanoma is highly determined by the interplay between genetic factors and exposure to sunlight. Morphological characteristics classify melanoma into four subtypes: Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM); nodular melanoma (NM), Lentigo maligna (LM) and Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). SSM represents approximately 70% of the cases. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been identified as a key regulatory element in most melanomas. MAPK is the most relevant signal pathway in the development of melanoma; while the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a target of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and controls the production of the pigment melanin, cell cycling and survival. Surgical resection is still considered the cornerstone of the treatment in the vast majority of patients with early-stage melanoma. However, treatment of metastatic or recurrent melanoma has significantly been improved with the advent of targeted immunotherapies. The greatest advantage has been observed with the use of checkpoint-inhibitor immunotherapy. But, Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, in patients who have progressed to immunotherapy and/or targeted therapies without success, is currently under investigation with promising results.
Team members:
Roberto Anaya-Prado, Heli Hernández-González, , Andres Insunza-Martin del Campo, Michelle M. Anaya-Fernández, Consuelo C. Azcona-Ramírez, Roberto Anaya-Fernández , Bryan Urueta-Chávez, Liam N Méndez-Bisgaard, Juan A. Delgado-Vázquez, Adriana D. García-Romero
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Evaluation of Some Serum Minerals in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Federal Medical Centre Owo
Abstract
Minerals and trace elements play crucial roles in physiological processes, and alterations in their levels can have significant consequences for metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate serum mineral levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to healthy controls and explore their potential implications for disease pathophysiology. A total of 50 T2DM patients and 30 healthy individuals were included in the study. Serum levels of iron, copper, calcium, magnesium, and zinc were analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results revealed significantly higher levels of iron and copper in T2DM patients compared to controls, while lower levels of calcium, magnesium, and zinc were observed in the T2DM group. These findings are consistent with previous research, highlighting the importance of mineral homeostasis in T2DM. Further analysis showed weak interrelationships among the studied minerals in T2DM patients, suggesting complex mechanisms underlying mineral metabolism in the disease. The discussion delved into potential mechanisms contributing to these alterations, including glycosuria-induced urinary loss of zinc and calciuresis due to hyperglycemia. Additionally, the study emphasised the importance of zinc and manganese in insulin production and release, as well as the contradictory findings regarding calcium levels in T2DM. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into serum mineral levels in T2DM and highlights the need for further research to elucidate their roles in disease progression and management.
Team members:
Fiyinfoluwa Olamide Ajao, Timothy God-Giveth Olusegun, Blessing Oluwatosinmile Oyeromi, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION ABOUT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN TRADITIONAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
Abstract
The study analyzed knowledge about Human Papillomavirus among adults in traditional quilombola communities in northeast Brazil while discussing their sociodemographic characteristics and evaluating sociodemographic variables among different quilombola communities. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative mixed-method study, with face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire application. There is a significant gap in the precise understanding of HPV. Most information was acquired through traditional media, such as TV, newspapers, and radio. Women and younger individuals demonstrated more comprehensive knowledge of the subject. The results highlight the need for specific instructions to improve knowledge about HPV in these communities, with strategies adapted to their sociodemographic characteristics. Enhanced understanding of HPV and the importance of vaccination can significantly contribute to the health and well-being of these populations, decreasing health disparities. With better knowledge about HPV and its consequences, the vaccination rate will increase, which in the long term will mean a reduction in the incidence of cancer cases associated with this virus, especially cervical cancer.
Team members:
Mariel Rodrigues de Campos, Larissa Helena Sousa Baldez Carvalho, Ana Julya Rodrigues Campos, Gabriel Rodrigues Côra, Rayane Alves Machado, Nafisa M.K Elehamer, Luisa Lina Villa, José de Ribamar Ross, Flávia Castello Branco Vidal
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Intestinal Helminthiases and Schistosomiasis Among Preschool – Aged Children in Rwanda
Abstract
Background: Intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis are among the neglected tropical diseases targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination as a public health issue by 2030. For this, it is important to determine their distribution and predicting factors, after a decade of mass deworming campaigns. In particular, such information is scarce among pre-school aged children who have not been the target for epidemiological studies and schistosomiasis deworming activities. This cross-sectional study and secondary data analysis focused on preschool-aged children and was aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthiases (Ascaris, ankylostoma, trichirus trichura, taenia) and Schistosomiasis, and identify the factors associated with them in Rwanda.
Methods: Data from 4,675 preschool-aged children randomly selected from 17 districts endemic to Schistosoma mansoni were analyzed. Parasitological assessment was performed using the Kato Katz technique. Having at least one intestinal helminthiasis or schistosomiasis case was considered a positive outcome. A structured questionnaire for childcare guardians, literature, and GIS were used to collect information regarding environmental factors. Data were aggregated at village level to calculate village prevalence used in depicting the distribution of intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis. Descriptive analysis was performed, and prevalence was assessed as a measure of frequency. The chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis whereas logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis. The confidence level was set at 95%, and the decision was made based on the P-value. Odds ratios (ORs) were assessed as a measure of association. STATA 15 and ArcGIS software were used in this study.
Results: The prevalence of intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis among preschool-aged children was 20.3%. Ascaris was the most prevalent parasite in this study (15%). Being older than 24 months, having self-employed parents, residence, fetching water into the lake or water body, land cover, clay soil, and high LST are predictors of intestinal helminthiases and schistosomiasis among preschool-aged children in Rwanda.
Conclusion: The prevalence of 20.3% is moderate and in the march towards the elimination of these parasitic infections, deworming activities should be coupled with water supply, reinforcement of the use of Early Child Development (ECD), relocating people living in proximity of wetlands and water bodies, and health education are key interventions in preventing preschool-aged children to get intestinal helminthiases and Schistosomiasis.
Team members:
Vestine Muhawenamahoro, Elias Nyandwi, Nafisa M.K. Elehamer, Emmanuel Nkurunziza, Tuyizere Ndera Mucyo, Thaddée Nshimiyimana, Michael Fissehaye Habtu, Nadine Rujeni
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
The Role of Shami Camels in Sustainable Adaptation and Production Amid Climate Change in Shami Regions
Abstract
Camels, particularly the Shami breed, have gained increasing attention for their resilience in harsh desert environments and their economic contributions through milk and meat production. This review focuses on the growth in global camel populations and highlights the increasing role of camel milk production, which has shown significant nutritional and medicinal benefits. In Syria, the Shami camel stands out for its adaptability to arid conditions and its superior milk production, yielding approximately 2,000 kg per lactation season. The Syrian Ministry of Agriculture has recognized camels as a key livestock species for arid regions, implementing breeding and research programs to enhance productivity. Despite lower milk yields compared to other agricultural animals, there is potential for improvement through selective breeding and genetic advancements. This study also examines the milk composition of Shami camels, which is rich in essential nutrients and free from allergenic proteins, making it a valuable resource in nutrition. Morphological characteristics of the Shami camel, including body measurements and breed-specific traits, are discussed, underscoring its medium size and adaptability. In conclusion, with rising global temperatures and reduced productivity in other livestock, the Shami camel's ability to thrive in extreme environments offers a solution to food security challenges. Future research and genetic improvement are essential to fully leverage the potential of this "Queen of the Desert.
Team members:
Ghiath Abo Shaar, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Mohammad Alhamed, Arda Yildirim
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) productivity and nutritive value in aquaponic versus hydroponic systems
Abstract
This research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates to examine the effects of aquaponic versus hydroponic culture on the germination and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under natural conditions in Nablus, the West Bank, Palestine. This study involved pre-germination treatments for barley seeds, including washing, disinfection, and soaking. Germination occurred in polyethylene trays across three different conditions: aquaponic with tilapia, hydroponic with tap water, and hydroponic to which a commercial nutrient solution was added. Growth measurements, including barley sprout fresh and dry weight, were recorded on days 7 and 14. Water quality parameters, including total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity (EC), pH, nitrite (NO₂), nitrate (NO₃), chlorine (Cl₂), carbonate, total hardness, and temperature were also monitored. Finally, barley samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ash, and crude fiber (CF). On day 7, the average fresh weight of the barley trays was 7.13 kg, and increased to 10.21 kg by day 14. However, the aquaponic system exhibited superior performance, with a mean fresh weight of 9.87 kg on day 7 compared to the hydroponic treatments, which were 8.20 kg and 7.96 kg, respectively. Significant variations in water quality parameters were also observed in the hydroponic system, including increases nitrate and nitrite levels, total dissolved solids and conductivity over the study period. By day 14, barley grown in the aquaponic system had the highest net weight (11.80 kg) and total crude protein content (by 50-60%), as compared to both hydroponic treatments. These results indicate that the aquaponic system was more effective in promoting barley growth, and led to higher biomass accumulation and protein content compared to the hydroponic systems.
Team members:
Angham Bani Owdeh, Muayad Salman, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Anthony Kurt Gamperl, Mohamed Salah, St John, Canada Labrador
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
THE INFLUENCE OF HOUSING CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE ON FERTILITY OF DAIRY COWS IN KENYA
Abstract
The dairy sector is essential to Kenya's economy, contributing 12% of the country's GDP and supporting millions of livelihoods. However, the productivity of dairy farms is greatly impacted by reproductive issues with cows, which are influenced by housing conditions and ambient temperatures. This study delved into the relationship between housing conditions, temperature variations, and dairy cow fertility across Kenya's several ecological zones. Secondary data was gathered from organizations including the Kenya Agricultural Livestock Scholarly Organization and the Kenyan Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries in addition to peer-reviewed academic papers. The results show that bad housing, characterized by a lack of bedding, poor ventilation, and insufficient space, causes stress and impairs reproductive function. Moreover, heat stress was worsened by high ambient temperatures, particularly in Eastern Kenya, which led to reduced estrous cyclicity and higher insemination demands for conception. Conversely, cooler climates produced better fertility results. These findings highlight the pressing need to reduce heat stress and optimize housing in order to increase dairy cow fertility in Kenya.
Team members:
Samwel Machungu Wafula, Albert Nyongesa, Maria Chikha, Soundes Akriche, Robert COLLIER
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme
Publication title
Study of Glucometer Precision and Antimalarial Therapy Interference on Glucose Readings in Nigeria
Abstract
Malaria-infected diabetic (MID) patients have become one of the highest diabetic population with comorbidities in Nigeria. While the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) are used for malaria treatment, glucometers are used to monitor their blood glucose levels. However, some drugs are known to interfere with the accuracy of glucose readings leading to misdiagnosis. In this study, we investigated the interferences of artemether and lumefantrine as well as other known drug interferents on the accuracy of glucose readings in three different glucometers commonly used in Nigeria (Accu-Answer®, VivaChek® and GlucoDr®) . Blood sample was collected from a healthy volunteer, aliquots of the blood with pure samples of artemether and lumefantrinepowders as well as other known drug interferents were prepared in normal and low pools. The precision study on the glucometers were determined. We find that Accu-Answer ® was the only precise glucometer considering its coefficient of variation. The influence of the artemether and lumefantrine was mild in two glucometers andthe predicted binding affinities showed possible binding interactions that may have caused their interferences.
Team members:
Ugochukwu Jane Ezinwanne, Adaobi Uchenna Mosanya, Victor Nweze, Marydith Ifeoma Chukwu, Chukwuemeka Michael Ubaka, Mohammed Alawami
Programme
ReachSci Mini-PhD Programme